Memory AO3

Memory AO3

1. Coding

   • Baddeley (1966)
     • Lists of words are artificial
       • Words weren't semantically coded because they had no meaning
     • Low external validity

2. Capacity

   • Jacobs (1887)
     • Lack of control
     • Confounding variables may have been an issue
   • Miller (1956)
     • Cowan found that the capacity of the STM was 4 chunks, not 7 +/- 2

3. Duration

   • Peterson and Peterson (1956)
     • Controlled
     • Trigrams are artificial
       • Lacks external validity
   • Bahrick (1975)
     • The photos have meaning
       • High external validity
     • Photos may have been rehearsed
     • There may be memory loss in older patients

4. MSM

   • Baddeley (1966)
     • Found that STM is acoustically coded, LTM is semantically coded
   • Shallice and Warrington (1970)
     • KF could only recall digits when he read them himself, there must be a store to process visual information and one for auditory info
   • Craik and Watkins (1973)
     • Maintenance rehearsal: info just stays in STM
     • Elaborative rehearsal: link info to pre-existing info
     • Not explained in MSM
   • Working memory model made to criticise MSM

5. Types of LTM

   • Clive Wearing and KF
     • Too unique
     • Lack of control
   • Brain scans
   • Belleville (2006)
     • Types of memory can be targeted to develop treatments
   • Squire (1980)
     • Declarative memory: episodic and semantic
     • Non-declarative memory: procedural

6. WMM

   • KF only had poor STM for verbal info, so he had damaged his phonological loop, supporting the WMM
   • Baddelley (1975)
     • Poor dual task performance, so there must be different slave systems
   • The central executive isn't fully explained

7. Interference theory

   • Controlled findings from labs
   • Artificial stimuli make interference more likely
   • Baddeley and Hitch (1977)
     • Rugby players

8. Retrieval failure theory

   • Context related cues
   • The difference between land and water is much greater than one room for another