Topic 1.1 Development

Topic 1.1 Development

1. Early Brain Development

   • Forebrain, midbrain & hindbrain
   • Cerebellum
   • Medulla Oblongata
   • Neural Connections
   • Stimulation

2. Piaget's 4 stages of development

   • Sensorimotor Stage (0-2yrs)
     • Aid: Stimulation, practice skills with senses, singing to build schemas
   • Pre-operational stage (2-7yrs)
     • Symbolic Function Stage (2-4yrs)
     • Intuitive Thought Stage (4-7yrs)
     • Aid: 'little scientists', experiment, discovery learning, individuals
   • Concrete Operational Stage (7-12yrs)
     • Aid: Concentrate on more than aspect or view
   • Formal Operational Stage (12+yrs)
     • Aid: Discuss abstract concepts, complex reasoning, different views
   • Applied in the Classroom
   • Implications for teaching

3. Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development and development of intelligence

   • Adaptation & Experience = Schema
   • Assimilation
   • Accomodation
   • Equilibrium

4. Dweck's Mindset Theory

   • Fixed Mindset
   • Growth Mindset
   • Ability and Effort
   • Evidence
     • Muller & Dweck(1998)
     • Yeager & Dweck(2012)
   • Strengths & Weaknesses of theory

5. Willingham's Learning Theory

   • 1. Factual Knowledge preceds skill
   • 2. Working memory is limited
   • 3. Importance of effort and practice(rehearsal)
   • 4. Importance of building skills
   • Strategies to help cognitive development
   • Strategies to help physical development
   • Disagreed with Piaget
     • Self-regulation & self-control
   • Strengths & Weaknesses of theory

6. Studies

   • 1. Piaget & Inhelder (1956) Three Mountains Task
     • Aim
     • Helen Borke(1975) showed non-egocentric behavior at age of 3 & 4
       • Repacholi & Gopnik (1997) showed non-egocentric behavioru at 18 months
   • Gunderson et al. (2013) Parent praise
     • Naturalistic Experiment

7. ISSUES AND DEBATES

   • Morality
     • Piaget's (1932) Theory
       • Heteronomous
       • Autonomous
     • Kohlberg's (1958) Theory
       • Pre-conventional Stage
       • Conventional Stage
       • Post-conventional Stage
       • - Carol Gillian(1977) criticised
     • Damon's Theory
       • Early Infancy
         • Global Empathy
       • 1 - 2 Yrs
         • Understand but do not know what to do
       • Early Childhood
         • More Responsive
       • 10 - 12 Yrs
         • Realise other may live in poverty