Motivation

Motivation

1. Needs

   • Maslows
     • Physiological
     • Safety & Security
     • Affiliation
     • Esteem
     • Self-actualisation
   • Herzberg (Hygiene)
     • Maintenance
     • Growth
   • Alderfer
     • Existence
     • Relatedness
     • Growth
   • McClelland
     • Achievement
     • Affiliation
     • Power

2. Goal-setting

   • Mechanisms
     • Increase persistance
     • Direct attention
     • Regulate effort
     • Strategy & Course of Action
   • Steps
     • Clarify
     • Measurement
     • Standardise
     • Time-keeping
     • Priority
     • Rating
     • Coordination of Tasks
   • Contingency factors
     • Difficult higher performance
     • Simple tasks = difficult & specific goals
     • Feedback
     • Goal commitment

3. Equity

   • Assess
     • Distributive
     • Interactional
     • Procedural
   • Response
     • Inputs
     • Outputs
     • Attitudes
     • Comparison
     • Leave
   • Implications
     • Unemployment
       • Reduction in salaries
       • Strikes/Go slow
     • Overpayment
       • Distributive

4. Expectancy

   • Process
     • Valance
     • Instrumental
     • Expectancy
   • Support/implications
     • Coaching (Effort-performance)
     • Performance-Outcome
     • Develop: Comms, Standard & Rewards

5. Intrinsic

   • Internal Factors
   • No reward or pressure
   • Arises from
     • Autonomy
     • Affiliation
     • Competence
     • Incentives differ
     • Lengthy
     • Longer lasting
     • Higher success

6. Extrinsic

   • External Factors
   • Rewards/punishment
   • Rewarded as promised
   • Arises from
     • Money
     • Praise
     • Competition
     • Threat of punishment
     • Incentive: whole group
       • Productivity
     • Occurs instantly
     • Limited longevity