Mapa mental
ESL Approaches & Methods
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ESL Approaches & Methods
APPROACHES
- Approach - guide for choosing methods that are consistent in theory and research; broadest category.
- Grammatical Approach
- teacher-centered emphasis
- language acquired most efficiently through memorizing language rules and patterns
- Grammar-Translation Method
- emphasis on development of grammar, writing, reading
- oral development has less emphasis
- grammar rules taught as a whole rather than parts
- oral development has less emphasis
- emphasis on development of grammar, writing, reading
- Direct Method
- total focus on L2
- includes open-ended responses
- total focus on L2
- Audiolingual Method
- grammar is taught through a sequenced plan
- little use of L1
- emphasis on drill and repetitive practice
- little use of L1
- grammar is taught through a sequenced plan
- Cognitive Approach
- learner-centered empahsis
- focus on explicit teaching of learning strategies
- CALLA
- Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach
- focus on L! and L2 CALP development
- focus on prior knowledge
- developmentally appropriate language instruction
- explicit instruction in: metacognitive, cognitive, social/affective learning strategies
- developmentally appropriate language instruction
- focus on prior knowledge
- focus on L! and L2 CALP development
- Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach
- learner-centered empahsis
- Communicative Approach
- student-centered emphasis
- learning through communication, constructivism, and social interaction
- Silent Way Method
- teacher talk and modeling
- repetition and signals provide reinforcement
- rarely content-based
- repetition and signals provide reinforcement
- teacher talk and modeling
- Natural Way Method
- L1 is acceptable
- comprehensible input is important
- minimal error correction
- not always content-based
- minimal error correction
- comprehensible input is important
- L1 is acceptable
- Suggestopedia Method
- relaxed physical evidence
- minimal error correction
- uses L1 for explanations
- not always content-based
- uses L1 for explanations
- minimal error correction
- relaxed physical evidence
- Integrated-Content Based Method
- emphasis on L2 development
- emphasis on content and language integration
- thematic units integrated
- emphasis on content and language integration
- emphasis on L2 development
- Sheltered Instruction Method
- grade-level modified curriculum
- scaffolding
- cooperative learning, visuals, and guarded vocabulary
- scaffolding
- grade-level modified curriculum
- student-centered emphasis
- METHODS
- Method - framework for specific strategies and techniques; one translation of an approach.
