Relationships

Relationships

1. 1.Formation

   • A01. Matching Hypothesis
     • Two specific hypothesis- the more socially desirable the person is and couples who are matched, they more likely to have happy relationship than couples who are mismatched.
     • Suggests people are with people because they are similar i.e have similar levels of social desirability
     • Girls look for a square jaw, small eyes and thin lips. Boys lok for large seperated eyes, small nose, wide cheek bones, narr
   • A02. Walster Study
     • 752 students thought matched on purpose but randomally matched by computer. Found that when the ppts met their matches they reacted more positively. Supports MH, more physically attracted you are the more likely they were to have another date.
     • People make realistic choices when choosing a partner and they look for someone that they know their affection will be recipitated.
       • Influenced by self- esteem
       • The likelihood that they say yes

2. 2.Maintenance

   • A01. Social exchange theory
     • Four stage mode, Sampling, Bargaining, Commitment and Institutionalisation
     • Comparison level for alternative
     • Comparison level to media expectations
   • A02. Rusbult, students in hetrosexual relationships were asked to complete questionairre
     • Found there are underlying factors that determine if people are happy in relationships
       • 1. They considered the amount they had invested
       • 2. They weighed the rewards and costs
       • 3. Presence of alternative
     • Supports SET, person more likely to end relationship if they are at a loss and have a high comparison level for alternatives

3. 3.Breakdown

   • A01. Evolutionary explanation
     • 1.Costs related to emotional investment
       • Women produce one egg a month, men unlimited amount of sperm, women more likely to be selective
     • 2. Increasing commitment
       • To avoid loss of partner males usually increase commitment such as marriage, living together
     • 3. Infidelity
       • Males more likely to engage in sexual relationships prior to break-up do this as a tactic to end.
     • 4. Reputational damage
       • Rejectors may attempt to reduce their reputation by ending on a good note so they look desirable to future potential mates
   • A01. Rollie and Ducks model
     • Breakdown, Intrapsychic processes, Dyadic processes, Social processes, Grave dressing proceses and Resurrection processes
     • A02. Tashiro and Frazier. Interviewed students who had recently broken up with a partner. Results support model showed breaking up from partner gave them new insight into themselves and a clearer idea about future partners.

4. Sexual selection and human reproductive behaviour

5. Parental Investment

   • A01 Paternal Investment- LESS unlimited amount of SPERM, once fertlise WOMEN not obligated to stay may use up VULNERABLE RESOURCES with risk of SEXUAL INFEDILITY jealous of the SEXUAL ACT
   • A01- Maternal Investment- GREATER gametes are less NUMEROUS MOST COSTLY must carry and care up until and after birth, breast feeding males cannot physically provide this females invest more.
   • A02- Perceived parenting readiness- 91 undergraduates complete PIP scale measure prepared readiness F- no differences in perceived readiness of males and females A03
   • A02- Actual parental readiness- participants exposed to series of statements typical scenarios taking measurement of autonomic nervous system ANS F- males higher ANS arousal then females when presented with costs of parenting. Males LESS prepared than females to confront issues. A03
   • IDA- REDUCTIONIST- too simplistic other factors involved males working females maternity leave
   • IDA- N/N upbringing nuture women brought up to invest in children and be caring

6. Influence of Childhood

   • A01. Internal Working Model, Attachment Type Bowlby
     • Secure- happy loving relationships
     • Insecure- clingy issues
   • A01. Relationship with peers
     • Friendships someone to trust characteristics to expect in relationships
   • A02. Love Quiz
     • Questioned, Does attachment type have an effect on adult relationships Questionairre to determine attachment type
     • Those secure had happy relationships, those insecure question if true love exsisted

7. Influence of Culture

   • Individualistic
   • Collectivist