Multi-Store Model

Multi-Store Model

1. Sensory Register

   • Capacity
     • Large capacity- constantly receives information from senses but because it is ignored it stays for brief duration
   • Duration
     • fractions of a second 1/2 to 1/4
   • Coding
     • Sense specific

2. LTM

   • Coding
     • Baddeley
       • Procedure - presented 4 lists, words that were acoustically similar and dissimilar and words that were semantically similar and dissimilar. Had to recall the words immediately after (STM) and 20 minutes later (LTM)
         • FIndings- STM recalled acoustically different words better and LTM recalled semantically different words better
     • The way information is stored so that it can be stored in the memory
     • Semantic
   • Duration
     • Bahrick et al
       • Findings- p's tested within 15 years of graduation were about 90% accurate in recognition- identifying names and faces. After 48 years they were accurate 80% Free recall was worse. After 15 years it was 60% and after 48 years it was 30% accurate.
         • Procedure - Investigators tracked down the graduates from a particular high school in America over a 50 year period - around 400 graduates were shown photographs from their high-school year book. 2 groups: Recognition group: for each photo, participants were given a group of names and asked to select the name that matched the person in the photo freeRecall group: participants were simple asked to name the people in photos without being given a list of possible names
           • Aim: establish the existence of very long term memory to see whether there was any difference between recognition and recall
         • Critism

3. STM

   • Capacity
     • measure of how much information can be held in the memory
       • Joseph Jacobs
         • Procedure - Participants were read lists of either words or numbers that they had to recall immediately after presentation. He gradually increased the length of these digits etc until the participant could only accurately serial recall the information, in the correct order, on 50% of occasions.
           • Finding -
       • Miller
   • Coding
     • Baddeley
     • Acoustic
   • Duration
     • Peterson & Peterson
       • Procedure - given a constonant trigram and a 3 digit number. asked to remember the constant and had retentional intervals of preventing rehearsal of 3 6 9 12 15 18.s To prevent rehearsal p's had to count backwards from their three digit number during their retention interval
         • Aim; to find out the duration of the STM store
         • Findings - 90% of p's remember trigram after 3s 2% of p's remember trigram after 18s
           • critisism Nairne et al - found items could be recalled after 96s sounds and letters don't interfer with each other retentoin intervals required them to use STM for counting it interfered low ecological validity

4. ·

   • Description
   • Strengths
   • Limitations

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