Memory

Memory

1. Key Words

   • Encoding
     • Changing information so it can be stored
   • Storage
     • Holding information
   • Retrieval
     • Recovering information from storage
   • Interference
     • Things that we've learnt that make it difficult to recall other information we've learnt

2. Reconstructive

   • Altering our recollection of things so they make more sense to us
   • Bartlett 1932
     • War of the ghosts

3. Multi-Store

   • Developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin
   • Theory that memory passes through a series of stores
   • Sensory
     • Short term
       • Long Term
         • up to a lifetime
         • unlimited
       • Approx. seven chunks
       • less than a minute
     • Less than a second
     • very limited capacity
   • Murdock

4. Levels of processing

   • The way you process information affects how you remember it
     • Shallow / Deep processing
   • Craik and Lockhart 1972

5. Amnesia

   • Retrograde
     • Can't remember anything before damage was incurred
     • Miller 1968
       • 2/3 of hippocampus caused amnesia
   • Anterograde
     • Can't learn new information
     • Russell and Nathan
       • Motocyclist with concussion

6. Context

   • Environment in which activities happen
   • Godden and Baddeley 1975
     • Diving context

7. Leading questions

   • Loftus
     • Car crash incident "smashed/hit"
   • Affect reliability of eyewitnesses

8. Stereotypes

   • Cohen 1981
     • Librarian/waitress
   • May influence our recall