paper 1psychology

paper 1psychology

1. social influence

   • types of conformity
     • compliance
     • internalisation
     • identification
   • explanations for conformity
     • normative social influence
       • don't agree with their views but conform anyway, in order to be liked or accepted by the group
     • informative social influence
       • unsure about the correct views so go to the group for cues
   • variables affecting conformity
     • group size
     • unanimity
     • difficulty of task
   • conformity to social roles
     • zimbardo
       • Stanford prison experiment

2. memory

3. attachment

   • caregiver-infant interaction
     • interactional synchrony
       • when two people interact they tend to mirror what the others are doing in terms of their facial and body movement.
     • reciprocity
       • responding to an action of another with a similar reaction or when the action of one person elicit a response from another.
   • animal studies
     • lorenz
       • critical period
       • divided graylag goose eggs into two. group 1: first moving thing they saw was mother. group 2: first moving thing they saw was Lorenz.
     • harlow
       • wire mother + cloth mother
       • even when wire mother was feeding,, the monkeys still spent most time with cloth mother
       • affected them into adult life. Monkeys could not mother their own young.
   • types of attachment
     • ainsworth
       • strange situation
       • 3 types
         • insecure resistant
         • secure
         • insecure avoidant
   • stages of attachment
     • schaffer
       • pre- attachment
         • indsiscriminate
           • discriminate
             • multiple
               • 9+ months
             • 7/8+ months
           • 3-7/8 months
         • 0-3 months
   • explanations of attachment
     • learning theories
       • operant
         • skinner
           • baby cries > gets reward > reward reinforces behaviour
             • negative reinforcement
       • classical
         • pavlov
           • UCS=UCR
             • NS= nothing
               • NS+UCS=UCR-- repeat!
                 • CS=CR
     • evolutionary perspective
       • bowlby
         • A
           • S
             • C
               • M
                 • I
                   • internal working model
                 • monotropic
               • critical period
             • social releasers
           • adaptive
   • cultural variations
     • van ijzendoorn
       • meta analysis
         • type B personality most common
         • findings were from 32 studies
         • 2000 children
         • 8 different countries
   • problems with attachment
     • bowlby
       • maternal deprivation
         • 44 thieves
     • Romanian orphan studies
       • institutionalisation
   • influence of attachment on childhood and early relationships
     • romantic relationships
     • childhood friedships
     • poor parenting
     • mental health