Liver Pathology

Liver Pathology

1. Budd-Chiari syndrome

   • Obstruction of IVC
   • Obstruction of hepatic veins
   • Absence of JVD
   • Congestion of liver

2. Reye's syndrome

   • Children
   • Aspirin
   • Viral infection
   • Hepatoencephalopathy

3. Wilson disease: copper accumulation

   • Organs
     • Liver
     • Brain
     • Cornea
     • Kidneys
     • Joints
   • Symptoms
     • Cirrhosis
     • Corneal deposits called Kayser-Fleischer ring
     • Hepatocellular carcinoma
     • Hemolytic anemia
     • Basal ganglia degeneration
     • Parkinsonian symptoms
     • Hepatoencephalopathy
     • Dementia
     • Fanconi's syndrome: proximal tubule dysfunction
   • Treatment: penicillamine

4. Hemochromatosis (bronze diabetes)

   • Cirrhosis
   • Diabetes mellitus
   • Skin pigmentation
   • Primary: AR disorder
   • Secondary: transfusions (chronic)
   • Treatment
     • Phlebotomy
     • Deferoxamine

5. Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency

   • Early onset emphysema (panacinar)
   • Cirrhosis
     • Jaundice
     • Elevated LFTs

6. Hepatocellular carcinoma

   • Increased risk
     • Hepatitis B, C
     • Wilson disease
     • Hemochromatosis
     • Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
     • Alcoholic cirrhosis
     • Carcinogen exposure
   • Serum marker: alpha-fetoprotein