The Skeletal System - PE GCSE EdExcel

The Skeletal System - PE GCSE EdExcel

1. Functions

   • movement
   • protection
   • support

2. Connective TIssues

   • cartilage
     • forms cushions between bones to stop them rubbing
   • ligaments
     • join bone to bone
   • tendons
     • join muscle to bone/(other muscles)

3. Kinds of Joint Movement

   • extension (opening a joint)
   • flexion (closing a joint)
   • adduction (moving towards an imaginary centre line)
   • abduction (moving AWAY from an imaginary centre line)
   • rotation (turning a limb)

4. Types of Movable Joint

   • ball and socket
     • e.g. shoulder
     • moves in all directions
     • rotates
     • allows ALL kinds of joint movement
   • hinge
     • e.g. knee/elbow
     • goes backwards and forwards
     • can't go side to side
     • allows flexion and extension

5. Exercise

   • can increase bone density
     • denser = stronger
     • puts stress through the bones
     • stronger = less likely to break or fracture
   • strengthens ligaments and tendons
     • adapt with exercise
     • less likely to injure yourself

6. weight-bearing exercise can help prevent osteoporosis

   • get older = body gets slower at repairing and strengthening bones
   • osteoporosis = disease where bone density is SO LOW your bones are fragile and fracture easily
   • where you support your whole body weight e.g. running
   • larger force on bones = the better your body is at strengthening bone