John Bowlby

John Bowlby

1. Characteristics

   • Secure Base
   • Separation anxiety
   • Proximity Maintenance
   • Safe Haven

2. Lasting psychological connectedness between human beings

3. Evaluation

   • Idolized mothers as primary caregiver
   • Rutter (1995)
     • More than 1 attachment is important
   • Lorenz
     • Was there when Gooses were born so they followed him around
   • Schaffer & Emerson
     • At 18 months only 13% had 1 attachment
   • Provoked more research
   • Individual Differences
     • Some people find it harder to attach

4. Theory of Attachment

   • Born with need to attach to 1 main person
   • Continuous care for firs 2 years from this person

5. 4 Phases of Attachment

   • 18-24 Months onwards
     • Formation of reciprocal relationship
   • 6-8 Months to 18-24 months
     • "Clear cut" attachment phase
   • 6 Weeks to 6-8 months
     • "Attachment in making" phase
   • Birth to 6 weeks
     • Pre-attachment Phase

6. Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis

   • Must have only 1 primary care giver
   • No disruption before 5 years old
   • Relationship must be continuous