Models of Memory

Models of Memory

1. Multi-store model

   • Processes
     • Encoding: The format that information is held
     • Storage: The retaining of information in the memory system
     • Retrieval
   • Characteristics
     • Capacity: how much is stored (items/chunks)
     • Duration: how long it's stored (seconds)
     • Encoding: what form (acoustic, visual, semantic)
   • Glanzer and Cunitz
     • Primacy and recency effects
     • In the middle have been displaced or decayed
   • Clive Wearing
     • Lost his long term declarative (factual) memory
     • He still has long-term procedural (skill) memory
   • Studies
     • Encoding in LTM- Baddeley: meaning of words
     • Capacity of STM- Jacobs: serial digit span
     • Duration of STM- Peterson and Peterson: trigrams
     • Duration of LTM- Bahrick et al: old school friends
     • Encoding in STM- Baddeley: sound of words

2. Working memory model- an explanation that sees short-term memory as an active store holding several pieces of information simultaneously

   • Central executive (CE)- component of the WMM that oversees and coordinates the components of working memory.
   • Phonological Loop (PL)- component of the WMM that deals with auditory information.
   • Visuo- spatial sketchpad (VSS)- component of the WMM that deals with visual information and the physical relationship of items.
   • Episodic Buffer (EB)- component of the WMM that serves as a temporary store of integrated information from the other components as well as long term memory

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