development - created from Mind Map

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prenatal

learning about environment

theories of mental development

language development

1. zygotic phase

2. embryonic phase

3. fetal phase

teratogens

sperm joins egg, zygote divides

zygote implanted in uterus

organs develop, receive food + oxygen

3-8 weeks

9 weeks - birth

refinement of organs, body structure, differentiation genitalia

cephalocaudal development

changing proportions of the body

environmental agents that cause harm during prenatal development

drugs

nutrition

stress

habituation

desire to control environment

exploring

social cues

selective-looking

object permanence

simple hiding problem

changed-hiding-place problem

dishabituation when difference is noticed

gaze following

shared attention

social referencing

looking at caregivers' emotional expression

babies look longer at unexpected events

stages of development (Piaget)

sociocultural development (Vygotsky)

implicit memories (young)

explicit memory (older)

theory of mind

little researcher

schemes

1. sensorimotor stage

2. preoperational stage

change: children learn how to focus on two dimensions at the same time

3. concrete-operational stage

4. formal-operational stage

internal representations of what you can do with objects

adaptation

operational schemes

assimilation

accomodation

cognitive conflict!

new info integrated in existing schemes

schemes are adjusted to new info

mental blueprints about reversibility of actions

conservation of substance

0-2 years

NO object permanence

thinking = doing

2-7 years

thinking about things

development of mental symbols of objects

centration

egocentricity

no relations between observations yet (can't see height AND size at the same time)

attention focused on one thing

others see the world as i do

7-12 years

thinking about actions

(concrete) operational schemes

decentration

less egocentric

conservation

classification

splitting cause and effect

no abstraction yet

12+ years

thinking about thought

think theoretically and apply principles, even to actions that can't actually be performed

relations between abstract matters

child develops through interaction with sociocultural environment

language as a method for thought

tools of intellectual adaptation

zone of proximal development

child is novice

scaffolding

numbers, words, alphabet, books, technology

chinese numbers

what a child can't do alone, but can do with a little bit of help

child is stimulated to make steps in learning independently

first need to be able to encode experiences verbally

the realisation that others also have a consciousness and act from it

autism

mindblindness

2 months

6 months

11 months

15-20 months

20+ months

phonemes

chomsky's concept

cooing

babbling

learning words

lots of words learned

categorising words

morphemes

whole words

grammar

syntax

grammatical rules are fundamental properties of the human mind

language-acquisition device

language-acquisition support system

innate

social world supports language development