11922963
Descrição
Quiz por timi Lamikanra , atualizado more than 1 year ago
|
Criado por timi Lamikanra
mais de 6 anos atrás
|
|
Questão 1
Questão
select the epithelial ovarian tumours
Responda
-
granulosa cell tumor
-
thecoma
-
brenner's tumor
-
androblastoma
Questão 2
Questão
252: which of the following are epithelial ovarian tumors
Responda
-
thecoma
-
serous granuloma
-
dysgerminoma
-
brenner's tumor
Questão 3
Questão
253: which of the following are sex-ord stromal ovarian tumors
Responda
-
granulosa cell tumor
-
thecoma
-
dysgerminoma
-
androblastoma
Questão 4
Questão
254: which of the following ovarian tumors are benign
Responda
-
papillary cystadenoma
-
papillary cystadenocarcinoma
-
dysgerminoma
-
thecoma
Questão 5
Questão
255: which of the following ovarian tumors are malignant
Responda
-
serous cystadenoma
-
endodermal yolk sac tumor
-
thecoma
-
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Questão 6
Questão
256: in fibro-cystic breast disease we find the following
Responda
-
solitary nodule
-
multiple nodules
-
cyst
-
papillary proliferations
Questão 7
Questão
257: in fibroadenoma of the breast we find
Responda
-
multiple nodules
-
cysts
-
solitary nodules
-
proliferated mammary ducts and stroma
Questão 8
Questão
258: benign prostate hyperplaia is seen most commonly in
Responda
-
median lobe
-
Subscapular prostate tissuee
-
lateral lobes
-
periurethreal prostate tissue
Questão 9
Questão
259: prostate carcinoma is usualy seen in
Responda
-
lateral lobe
-
possterior lobe
-
periuretheral prostatic tissue
-
subcapsular prostate tissue
Questão 10
Questão
260: which two markers are valuable for the diagnosis of prostate cancer
Responda
-
PSA
-
HER2
-
PAP
-
estrogen receptors
Questão 11
Questão
261: what pathogenic mechanism can be used for the therapy of prostate carcinoma
Responda
-
hormonal therapy-antitestosterone drugs
-
hormonal therapy-antiprogesterone drugs
-
treatment with monoclonal antibodies
Questão 12
Questão
which of the following types of cancer metastasize to bone
Responda
-
ovarian cancer
-
renal cancer
-
breast cancer
-
thyroid gland cancer
Questão 13
Questão
bone metastases are observed in which of the following types of cancer
Responda
-
gastric cancer
-
ovarian cancer
-
prostate cancer
-
breast cancer
Questão 14
Questão
which of the following statements are true for graves disease
Responda
-
it is the most common cause for hypothyroidism
-
exopthalmus in some patients
-
pretibial myxedema
-
usually most patients are euthyroud
Questão 15
Questão
the following is true for grave's
Responda
-
it causes heroerthroidism
-
autoantibodies against TSH receptors
-
affects men more than women
-
thyroid stimulating igG is the cause
Questão 16
Questão
histiologically in grave's disease we can find
Responda
-
nodular colloid goiter
-
signs of thyroid hyperfunction
-
small thyroid follicles with small amounts of dilluted colloid
-
many resorbtive vacuoles in the thyroid
Questão 17
Questão
in nodular toxic goiter we can observe the following
Responda
-
exoptholmos
-
there are found autoantibodies against TSH-receptors
-
pretibial myxedema
-
colloid nodular goiter
Questão 18
Questão
which of the following are renal complications for diabetes
Responda
-
arterioo-hyalinosis of vas afferens and vas efferens
-
chronic pyelonephritis
-
diffuse and segmental glomerulosclerosis
-
diabetic retinopathy
Questão 19
Questão
in goiter we observe
Responda
-
cystically dilated thyroid follicles
-
histological accomodation of the epitheloum lining the follicles
-
papillary folds of the epithelium of the follicles
-
diluted, scarce colloid
Questão 20
Questão
hashimoto thyroiditis is chaaracterized by
Responda
-
the thyroid follicles are dilated, filled with large amounts of concentrated colloid
-
atypical looking cells called oncocytes
-
the thyroid follicles are replaced by lymph follicles
-
these lymphoid follicles have pale germinal centres
Questão 21
Questão
pneumococcus usually causes infections of the cns in
Responda
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newborns
-
adults
-
teenagers
-
toddlers
Questão 22
Questão
haemmophylus influenza is the most common etiological agent for infections of the CNS in
Responda
-
newborns
-
adults
-
teenagers
-
toddlers
Questão 23
Questão
Escherichia coli is the most common etiological agent for infections of the CNS in
Responda
-
newborns
-
adults
-
teenagers
-
toddlers
Questão 24
Questão
Neissaria meningitidis is the most common etiological agent for infections of the CNS in
Responda
-
newborns
-
adults
-
teenagers
-
toddlers
Questão 25
Questão
Which of the following statements are true tumors for tumours of the CNS
Responda
-
metastatic tumours to the brain are more common than the primary
-
primary tumors of the CNS often metastasize outside the CNS
-
Primary tumors of the CNS almost never metastasize outside the CNS
-
most important factor for the outcome is the tumor location
Questão 26
Questão
which are the purposes of pathological autopsy
Responda
-
to accuse the clinicians of medical malpractice
-
to establish the cause of death and the definitive diagnosis
-
to help educate clinicians and to improve their work
-
to help the relatives of the deceased to convict the doctors
Questão 27
Questão
which are the donditions for an autopsy to be done
Responda
-
death occured in a hospital due to a disease
-
available medical history of the patient
-
presence of the treating doctor
-
all of the above
Questão 28
Questão
what are the characteristics of a frozen section
Responda
-
urgent diagnosis given during an operation
-
the preparation of the tissue samples is done by a parrafin method
-
the preparation of the tissue sample is done on a freezing microtome
-
sometimes the diagnosis is not exactly clear because of the preparation method but information like "malingant tumor", "benign tumor" or "inflammation" is given to the surgeons to know how to proceed with the operation
Questão 29
Questão
which fixative is most commonly used
Responda
-
bouin solution
-
absolute alcohol
-
formalin 10%
-
salts of heavy metals
Questão 30
Questão
what fixatives should be used for a liver biopsy from a baby with a suspected inherited metabolic disease
Responda
-
formalin 10%
-
1,5-4% glutaraldehyde
-
frozen section
-
zenker's fixative
Questão 31
Questão
what is the role of immiunohistochemical stains
Responda
-
to give urgent answers about the diagnosis or at least orientation about the pathological process during surgery
-
to determine the histogenesis of the tumor especially in highly undifferentiarted malignant tumors
-
to determine the proliferative activity and the hormonal receptros of the tumor that is highly important for the treatment
-
to help determine the cause of death
Questão 32
Questão
cytokeratin, S-protein, vimentin, desmin, CD-20 are examples of
Responda
-
special stains to prove different substances
-
imunohistochemical markers
Questão 33
Questão
in which cases a pathological autopsy is performed
Responda
-
when there is suspicion for diagnostic or therrapeutic malpractice
-
death of a person outside the hospital
-
when there is suspicion of violent death
-
death of a patient in the hospital and when the relatives dont ask the principal to cancen the autopsy
Questão 34
Questão
which of the followingd id not a part of performing an autopsy
Responda
-
dissection of organ
-
opening the body
-
taking a biopsy from organ change
-
extraction of abdominal and thoracic organs
Questão 35
Questão
size, shape, elasticity, consistency, color and cut surfaces are characteristics of
Responda
-
microscope examination of organs
-
gross examination of organs
-
ultramiscrscopic examination of organs
-
none of the listed
Questão 36
Questão
indicate correctly the name of the described test. The pericardial sac is cut in a Y-like section and filled with water, after that, in the presence of a witness, the right ventricle is punctured with a knife
Responda
-
test for thromboembolism
-
test for pneumothroax
-
test for air and gas embolism
-
test for fat embolism
Questão 37
Questão
Indicate correctly the name of the described test: The pulmonary artery is cut at the place of truncus pulmonalis. Tweezers are inserted and the content of the artery is taken out for examination
Responda
-
test for pneumothorax
-
test for air and gas embolism
-
test for thromboembolism
-
test for fat embolism
Questão 38
Questão
indicate correctly the name of the described test: A pocket between the skin and the ribs is formed and is filled with water. In the presence of a witness, the thorax is punctured with a thin knife in an intercostal space
Responda
-
test for air and gas embolism
-
test for fat embolism
-
test for thromboembolism
-
test for pneumothorax
Questão 39
Questão
where is the main accumulation of glycogen in patients with diabetes
Responda
-
in epithelial cells of conovulated tubules and henle's loop
-
in epithelial cells of gastrointestinal mucosa
-
in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes
-
endothelial cells of the vessels
Questão 40
Questão
the abnormal inclusions in the hepatpcytes in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Responda
-
glycogen
-
lipids
-
bile
-
proteins
Questão 41
Questão
PAS reaction with PAS control is used to distinguish
Responda
-
Cholesterol from other lipids
-
glycogen from mucus
-
DNA from RNA
-
denatured intracelliilar proteins from accumulated extracellular proteins
Questão 42
Questão
PAS control is done using
Responda
-
sulfuric acid
-
hydrocloric acid
-
amylase
-
picric acid
Questão 43
Questão
what is the relation between fatty degeneration of the liver and diabetes
Responda
-
there is no relation between them
-
patients with diabetes have increased intake of lipifd to provide more energy
-
the fatty liver in diabetes is caused by increased lipolysis and increased delivery of fatty acids in the liver
-
the fatty liver leads to diabetes mellitis
Questão 44
Questão
what is the adroid type of obesity
Responda
-
also called "male" ore "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
-
also called "female" or "pear" type, it is the accumulation of luipids in the fatty cells around the hips, thighs and legs
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders, and thorax
-
generalized obesity predominantly in the thighs, hips and legs
Questão 45
Questão
what is gynoid type obesity
Responda
-
also called "male" or "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
-
also called "female" or "pear" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax
-
generalized obesity predominantly in the thighs, hips and legs
Questão 46
Questão
what is upper type of obesity
Responda
-
also called "male" or "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
-
also called "female" or "pear" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, thighs and legs
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the shoulders, face and thorax
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the thighs, hips and legs
Questão 47
Questão
what is lower type of obesity
Responda
-
also called "male" or "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
-
also called "female" or "pear" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the thighs, hips and legs
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the thighs , hips and legs
Questão 48
Questão
which obesity has the worse prognosis
Responda
-
gynoid type
-
male type
-
the obesity doesnt affect the patient's health
-
all of the obesity types have the same prognosis
Questão 49
Questão
haemolytic jaundice is characterized by the following laboratory findings
Responda
-
the increased indirect billirubin in the serum, hypercholic stoools and increased urobilinogen in the urine
-
both types of bilirubin are increased in the serum, normal colour of the stools, oth bilirubin and urobilinogen are increased in the urine
-
increased direct bilirubin in the serum, hypocholic or acholic stools, inccreased billirubin in the urine
-
none of the above
Questão 50
Questão
mechanical jaundice is characterized by the following laboratory findings
Responda
-
increased indirect billirubin in the serum, hypercholic stools and increased urobillinogen in the urine
-
both types of bilirubin are increased in the serum, normal colour of the stools, oth bilirubin and urobilinogen are increased in the urine
-
increased direct billirubin in the serum, hypocholic or acholic stools, inctreased bilirubin in the urine
-
none of the above
Questão 51
Questão
parenchymal jaundice is characterized by the following laboratory findings:
Responda
-
increased indirect billirubin in the serum, hypercholic stools and increased urobillinogen in the urine
-
both types of bilirubin are increased in the serum, normal colour of the stools, oth bilirubin and urobilinogen are increased in the urine
-
increased direct bilirubin in the serum, hypocholic or acholic stools, increased bilirubin in the urine
-
none of the above
Questão 52
Questão
what is the common between fibrosis, sclereosis and cirrhosis
Responda
-
the common is the increased development of connective tissue in the organ
-
the common is the lipid accumulation in the interstitium of the organ
-
the common is the fibrinoud degeneration of the organ
-
they are different processes and dont have anything common between them
Questão 53
Questão
whay is the clinical significance of hyalinosis of the pancreatic arterioles
Responda
-
it an cause diavetes mellitus
-
it an cause pancreatic cancer
-
it an cause acute pancreatitis
-
hyalinosis in the pancreas is a physiological process related with aging
Questão 54
Questão
which stain is used to prove rheumatism in acute stage in a heart valve
Responda
-
prussian blue
-
toluidin blue
-
congo-red
-
pearls
Questão 55
Questão
mucoid swelling can be seen in
Responda
-
heart valves in rheumatism
-
basedow's dermopathy
-
myxedema
-
all of the above
Questão 56
Questão
the necrosis which develops ar the base of an acure or chronic active ulcer in the stomach or duodenum is
Responda
-
coagulative
-
caseous
-
fibrinoid
-
liquefactive
Questão 57
Questão
indicate the correct statement(s) for he neogrosclerosis arteriolosclerotica
Responda
-
it affects micoscopically the afferent and efferent arterioles
-
it is a result of prolonged benign hypertension
-
it is a reversible process
-
the process is hyalinosis
Questão 58
Questão
what are the microscopic changes seen in the brain in benign long-term hypertension
Responda
-
hyalinosis of the vessel's walls
-
edema around vessels
-
accumulation of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the soft brain membranes
-
development of specific granulomas in the brain tissues
Questão 59
Questão
the gross descriotion: thick, hard, glassy, whitish depositions, non-digestable by enzymes, is indicative for
Responda
-
steatonecrosis
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
hyalinosis
-
fibrinoid deposition
Questão 60
Questão
the following diseases are examples of amylid depositions. find the mistake
Responda
-
rheumatoid arthritis-AA amyloid
-
multiple myeloma-AL amyloid
-
medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland-AA amyloid
-
alzheimer's disease-A4 myeloid
Questão 61
Questão
sago spleen and lardaceous spleen are
Responda
-
gross appearamce of the localized (sago spleen) and generalized (lardaceous spleen) amyloidosis of the spleen
-
sago spleen is amyloidosis of the spleen, while lardaceous spleen is hyalinosis of the spleen
-
gross apperance of the spleen in hodgkin's lymphoma depending on on rhe severity of the process
-
in lardaceous spleen the amyloid is deposited in the white pulp only, while in sago spleen both the white and red pulp have amyloid deposition
Questão 62
Questão
systemic amyloidosis is proven by a biopsy from
Responda
-
gingiva
-
heart
-
fat tissue from abdominal wall
-
ileum
Questão 63
Questão
what type of calcification develops in the complicated athereosclerotic plaques
Responda
-
metastatic
-
dystrophic
-
metabolic
-
physiological
Questão 64
Questão
which are the causes for hypocalcemia
Responda
-
hypoparathyroidism
-
hyperparathyroidism
-
intoxication with vit d
-
senile osteoporosis
Questão 65
Questão
what kind of gout can develop in a patient with leucemia
Responda
-
gout caused by excesive consumption of meat and meat products
-
genetic gout caused by an error in the metabolism of uric acid
-
renal injury because kidneys cannot excrete the excessive amount of uric acid
-
patient with leucosis never develop gout
Questão 66
Questão
which if the following microscopic desccriptions most likely suggestt kidney amyloidosis? te stain is H-E in all the described specimens
Responda
-
highly enlarged glomeruli. the capillary tufts filled almost all tof the capsular space. capillary lumens are obliterated; pink homogenous substance is deposited also in the mesangium, in the basement membranesof the tubules and in the walls of the blood vessels
-
afferent ans efferent arterioles have homogenously thick walls stained in pink, some of the glomeruli look smaller, with totally effaced structure and homogenously pink in colour, while others may look normal in size or even with compensatory hypertrophy
-
the interstitium shows chronic inflammatory reaction, the main change is seen in the kidney tubules which look dilated and filled with pinkish substance ( these tubules look like thryoid follicles )
-
many glomeruli showw crescent proliferations, encompassing 2/3 of the bowman;s space: the process ends with global sclerosis of the glomerulus
Questão 67
Questão
which of the following stain(s) is used to prove amyloidosis
Responda
-
pearls
-
congo-red
-
van gieson
-
methyl violet
Questão 68
Questão
mark the correct statement(s) for kidney amyloidosis
Responda
-
smallm shrunken kidneys with granular surgace and difficult decapsulation
-
enlarged pale kidneys with waxy texture
-
Amyloidosis affects only one of the kidneys and doesn;t lead to chronic renal failure
-
kidney amyloidosis is reversible after the treatment of the primary disease and has very good prognosis
Questão 69
Questão
granulomatous structures consisting of uric acid crystals, lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts and giant multinucleated cells type "foreign body" are characteristic for which disease
Responda
-
tuberculosis
-
sarcoidosis
-
gout
-
brucellosis
Questão 70
Questão
calcification of the aorta characterizes with;
Responda
-
hard, rigid wall of the aorta
-
soft, elastic wall of the aorta
-
can be complicated with mural thrombosis and aneurysm
-
is a result of metabolic calcification
Questão 71
Questão
renal complications of gout are
Responda
-
uric crystals nephrolithiasis
-
uric-acid infarction
-
urate nephropathy
-
all of the listed above
Questão 72
Questão
what type of necrrosis develops in the specific granuloma in tuberculosis
Responda
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
coagulative necrosis
-
caseous necrosis
-
steatonecrosis
Questão 73
Questão
which of the following terms are used to describe liquefactive necrosis of the brain
Responda
-
ramolicio cerebri
-
encephalomalacia
-
infarctus anemicus cerebri
-
hydrocephalus
Questão 74
Questão
which type of necrosis develops in the pancreas
Responda
-
steatonecrosis/ fat necrosis
-
coagulative necrosis
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
caseous necrosis
Questão 75
Questão
what type of necrosis develps in the specific granulooma in tuberculosis
Responda
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
coagulative necrosis
-
caseous necrosis
-
steatonecrosis
Questão 76
Questão
indicate the correct statement(s) for dyspasia
Responda
-
it is a proceess of disordered cellular development
-
it can develop in soft tissues
-
it can develop in tissues of epithelial origin
-
it is an adaptive process
Questão 77
Questão
corpora amylacea can be seen microscopically in
Responda
-
the glands of the uterine mucosa
-
the glands of the prostate
-
the kidney's of the convuluted tubules
-
the follicles of thyroid gland
Questão 78
Questão
how does the hypertrophic myocardium look like grossly
Responda
-
enlargmed in size
-
smaller in size
-
papillert muscles are hypertrophic
-
increased heart weight
Questão 79
Questão
hyperplasia of the endometrium can be
Responda
-
direct and indirect
-
typical and atypical
-
with formation of cysts or with formation of psuedo-cysts
-
diffuse and localized
Questão 80
Questão
what are the complications of prostate hyperplasia
Responda
-
urinary retention, frequent urinary tract infections
-
sexual dysfunction
-
transitional cell carcinoma
-
hydronephrosis
Questão 81
Questão
which is the main complication after squamous metaplasia of the respiratory bronchial epithelieum
Responda
-
swuamous carcinoma of bronchus
-
chronic bronchitis
-
small-cell carcinoma
-
adenocarcinoma of the bronchus
Questão 82
Questão
epistaxis and melena are examples of
Responda
-
edema
-
exudate
-
haemorrhage
-
venous congestion
Questão 83
Questão
what is hemascos
Responda
-
blood in the urine
-
blood in the peritoneal cavitiy
-
blood in the excrement
-
blood vomiting
Questão 84
Questão
what is hematemesis
Responda
-
blood vomitting
-
blood in the excrements
-
nose bleeding
-
bleeding from the lungs
Questão 85
Questão
what is hemoptoe
Responda
-
bleeding from the nose
-
bleeding from the lungs
-
blood vomitting
-
blood in the pleural cavity
Questão 86
Questão
which of the following liver changes is reversible
Responda
-
liver cirrhosis
-
liver cyanosis
-
nutmeg liver
-
liver amyloidosis
Questão 87
Questão
pin point hemorrhages in the brain usually have the following pathogenesis
Responda
-
per diapedesin
-
per rhexin
-
per diabrosin
-
all of the above
Questão 88
Questão
can thrombosis develop after death
Responda
-
yes, this is why we can see blood clots in vessels after death
-
no, thrombosis is a pathological process which develops only during lifetime
-
it can develop both during life and after death
-
it develops in the agony preceeding death
Questão 89
Questão
what is characteristic for the post-mortem blood clot
Responda
-
dry, crumbly, layered structre
-
moist, homogenous structure
-
attatched to the vessel's wall
-
unattatched to the vessel's wall
Questão 90
Questão
indicate types of embolism depending on the content of embolus
Responda
-
gas, air, amniotic
-
thromboembolism, fat embolism
-
arterial, venous
-
orrthograde, retrograde, paradoxal
Questão 91
Questão
indicate types of embolism according to the way of blood flow
Responda
-
gas, air, thromboebmoolism, amniotic, fat, parasite
-
orthograde, retrograde
-
arterial, venous
-
paradoxical
Questão 92
Questão
indicate types of embolism according to the character of the obturated blood vessel.
Responda
-
thromboemvolism, amniotiic, fat, gas, air embolism
-
arterial
-
venous
-
orthograde, retrograde, paradoxical
Questão 93
Questão
is it possible to prevenet embolism
Responda
-
no, it is something we cannot control or prevent
-
yes, by using anticoagulants
-
yes, by excercise in bed ridden atient and early getting up from bed after operation
-
yes, by staying in bed without moving after an operation
Questão 94
Questão
in which organ hemorrhagic infarction can develop
Responda
-
in organs with nutritive and functinoal blood circulation
-
in organs with nutritive circulation only
-
in organs with many anastomoses
-
hemmorhagic infarction can develop in any organ
Questão 95
Questão
indicate the organ(s) where hemorrhagic infarction is possible
Responda
-
liver
-
heart
-
lung
-
intestine
Questão 96
Questão
how can we prove amniotic embolism
Responda
-
microscopically, by finding amniotic fluid in the heart ventricle
-
grossly, by finding amniotic fliud in the right heart ventricle
-
microscopically, by finding amniotic particles such as lanugo, meconium etc. in the lungs
-
grossly, by finding amniotic particles in the lungs
Questão 97
Questão
why does an embolism develop
Responda
-
because of the dissolution of blood gases, especially axotic oxide, caused by fast decompression
-
because of the dissolution of blood gases, especially type, caused by fast compression
-
because the negative pressure of the opened blood vessels on the neck and head can lead to air entry
-
because the posiive pressure of the opened blood vessels on the neck and head can lead to air entry
Questão 98
Questão
what is needed for the development of hemorrhagic infarction of the lung
Responda
-
double circulation of the lung
-
thrombosis of a branch of a. bronchialis
-
thrombosis of branch a. pulmonis
-
chronic venous stagnation
Questão 99
Questão
what is te most common cause for the development of anemic infarction of the brain
Responda
-
thromvosis or embolism of a. cerebri anterior
-
thrombosis or embolism of a. cerebri media
-
thrombosis or embolism of a, cerebri posterior
-
thrombosis or embolism of a. basillaris
Questão 100
Questão
what is the gross appearance of a previous anemic infarction of the brain
Responda
-
fresh liquefactive necrosis
-
brain cyst
-
brain pseudocyst
-
irregular red- coloured area
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