Flashcards
AP Psychology Unit 9 Vocabulary
Flashcards do conjunto (49)
- 1the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryozygote
- 2the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second monthEmbryo
- 3the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birthfetus
- 4agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harmtertogens
- 5physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportionsFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
- 6in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activitiesSensorimotor stage
- 7the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceivedObject Permanence
- 8in Piaget's theory, the stage (from 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.Preoperational Stage
- 9preschool children have difficulty perceiving things from another's point of viewEgocentric
- 10an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper developmentCritical Period
- 11parenting style in which parents impose rules and expect obedienceAuthoritarian parenting style
- 12parenting style in which parents submit to their children's desiresPermissive parenting style
- 13parenting style in which parents are both demanding and responsiveAuthoritative parenting style
- 14the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possiblePrimary sex characteristics
- 15nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hairSecondary sex characteristics
- 16the first menstrual periodMenarche
- 17the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declinesmenopause
- 18a study in which people of different ages are compared with one anothercross-sectional study
- 19research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period of timeLongitudinal study
- 20our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.crystallized intelligence
- 21our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthoodfluid intelligence
- 22the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirementSocial Clock
- 23a babies tendency to turn its head towards anything that brushes its cheekRooting reflex
- 24when the support is removed from behind the babies's neck it reaches out as if it is trying to grab onto somethingMoro Reflex
- 25in response to a stroke on the outside of its foot a baby will flex its toesBabinski reflex
- 26people who study how humans are continually developing physically, socially, and cognitively from infancy through old ageDevelopmental psychologist
- 27the conflict that we develop from genetic inheritance (our nature) or our experiences (the nurture we receive)nature vs. nurture
- 28a Russian developmental psychologist who studied how a child's mind feeds on the language of social interactionLev Vygotsky
- 291. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. AcceptanceElizabeth Kulber Ross: Stages of Grieving
- 30he conducted a study in which he placed baby monkeys in a room with two "mothers". One was made from wires and was designed to feed while the other was made with terry cloth. They discovered that the monkey always went to the mother made from cloth and only went to the other mother for food. This is where we get the concept of contact comfortHarry Harlow's attachment research
- 31the physical and emotional comfort that the infant receives from its motherContact comfort
- 32when this type of attachment is formed the child will often use the mother as a safe base, rely on her for comfort, and the parent's return is met with positive emotionsSecure attachment
- 33in this type of attachment the child usually avoids the parent and seek little to no comfort from themavoidant attachment
- 34in this type of attachment the child is distressed by the parent leaving but is not comforted when they returnambivalent attachment
- 35the crisis that babies (0-1 years) experience in Erikson's first stage of psychosocial developmentTrust vs. Mistrust
- 36the crisis that toddlers (1-3 years) experience in Erikson's second stage of psychosocial developmentAutonomy vs. Doubt (shame)
- 37the crisis that children (3-5 years) experience in Erikson's third stage of psychosocial developmentInitiative vs. Guilt
- 38the crisis that school kids (5-12 years) experience in Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial developmentIndustry vs. Inferiority
- 39the crisis that teenagers, or adolescences (13-18 years), experience in Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial developmentIdentity vs. Role confusion
- 40the crisis that occurs in young adults (19-30 years) experience in Erikson's sixth stage of psychosocial developmentIntimacy vs. Isolation
- 41the crisis found in middle aged adults (40-65 years) in Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial developmentGenerativity vs. stagnation
- 42the eighth stage in Erikson's stages of psychosocial development that is usually found in older people (over 65 to death)Integrity vs. Despair
- 43the theory that there are 8 stages that affect each person's pyschosocial developmentErikson's Psychosocial development theory
- 44the mental operations that enable children to to think logically about concrete eventsConcrete operations
- 45the mental ability to think logically about abstract conceptsformal operations
- 46the principle that that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of the objectLaw of conservation
- 47the frameworks that organize and interpret informationschemata
- 48interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemasAssimilation
- 49adapting our current understandings to incorporate new informationAccommodation