PSCYO 367 CH.2

1. 1Our perception of the environment begins with _____.

   1. Aenergy
   2. Bthe proximal stimulus
   3. Cthe distal stimulus
   4. Dcognition
2. 2Visible light is between _____ and _____ nm within the electromagnetic spectrum.

   1. A100; 400
   2. B400; 700
   3. C500; 1000
   4. D900; 1500
3. 3A wavelength of 10,000 meters would fall in the _____ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

   1. AX-rays
   2. Bradio wave
   3. Cinfrared rays
   4. Dgamma rays
4. 4The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of electromagnetic energy that is produced by _____ and is radiated as _____.

   1. Aelectric charges; waves
   2. Bmagnetism; waves
   3. Celectric charges; magnetism
   4. Dmagnetism; electric charges
5. 5The structure of the eye that provides about 80% of the eye’s focusing power is the _____.

   1. Airis
   2. Bpupil
   3. Ccornea
   4. Dlens
6. 6Jan tries to focus on the tip of her pencil as she brings it closer to her. She feels the strain on her eye as she does this. What she is feeling in her eye is due to the process called _____.

   1. Ainhibition
   2. Breflection
   3. Caccommodation
   4. Dassimilation
7. 7The ciliary muscles change the shape of the _____, providing about 20% of the eye’s focusing power.

   1. Airis
   2. Bpupil
   3. Ccornea
   4. Dlens
8. 8Lorelei’s mother is 60 years old, and, because of the condition called _____, she has a difficult time bringing near objects into focus.

   1. Acataracts
   2. Bdiplopia
   3. Cpresbyopia
   4. Dretinitis pigmentosa
9. 9In _____, the eyeball is too long, resulting in difficulty seeing far objects.

   1. Aaxial myopia
   2. Brefractive myopia
   3. Caxial hyperopia
   4. Drefractive hyperopia
10. 10Individuals with myopia may have difficulty seeing _____ objects clearly. Often times, they are also referred to as being _____.

    1. Anearby; farsighted
    2. Bnearby; nearsighted
    3. Cdistant; farsighted
    4. Ddistant; nearsighted

11. 11Vera has hyperopia, and tends to get headaches when she reads. This might be because _____.

    1. AVera also has presbyopia and has the constant need to accommodate
    2. BVera also has myopia and is unable to accommodate
    3. CVera has just had LASIK surgery and her ciliary muscles are damaged
    4. DVera is 5-years-old and lacks the visual acuity to read
12. 12The visual pigment molecules are contained in the _____.

    1. Ainner segments of the visual receptors
    2. Bouter segments of the visual receptors
    3. Caxons of the rods
    4. Daxons of the cones
13. 13_______ reacts to light to start the process of transduction.

    1. AOpsin
    2. BRetinal
    3. CChoroid
    4. DThyric acid
14. 14The isomerization of a single pigment molecule triggers what is best described as a _____.

    1. Achain reaction
    2. Bballistic expansion
    3. Chyperactive potential
    4. Dhypopolarization wave
15. 15Which of the following is true about the difference between the rods and the cones?

    1. AThe rods control vision in high illumination conditions, and the cones control vision in low illumination conditions.
    2. BThe rods are packed in an area called the fovea, and the cones are found more in the peripheral retina.
    3. CThere are about 120 million rods in the human eye and about 6 million cones.
    4. DThe only difference between the rods and the cones is physical shape.
16. 16A retinal condition that destroys the cones in the fovea is _____.

    1. Amacular degeneration
    2. Bretinitis pigmentosa
    3. Cpresbyopia
    4. Dretinal hypopolarization
17. 17In the early stages of _____, peripheral rod receptors are destroyed leading to poorer peripheral vision.

    1. Amacular degeneration
    2. Bretinitis pigmentosa
    3. Cpresbyopia
    4. Dretinal hypopolarization
18. 18The blind spot is located _____.

    1. Ain the fovea
    2. Bin the vitreous
    3. Cwhere the optic nerve leaves the eye
    4. Dat the optic chiasm
19. 19Nina does a demonstration of “seeing” the blind spot, in which a grid pattern surrounds the black dot that disappears when it falls on the blind spot. What does Nina most likely see in the area where the dot disappears?

    1. Aa blurry gray area
    2. Ba white circle
    3. Cnothing
    4. Da continuation of the grid pattern
20. 20The episode of “Mythbusters” cited in the textbook demonstrated that dark adaptation was the reason why _____.

    1. Apoker players wear sunglasses
    2. Bpirates wore eyepatches
    3. Ccardinals have good night vision
    4. Dcats have good night vision
21. 21To isolate the rod portion of the dark adaptation curve, researchers _____.

    1. Ause rod monochromats as the participants
    2. Bpresent the stimulus foveally
    3. Cpresent the stimulus in the periphery
    4. Duse cone monochromats as participants
22. 22The “rod-cone break” in the dark adaptation curve occurs after about _____ in the dark.

    1. A30 seconds
    2. B2 minutes
    3. C7 minutes
    4. D30 minutes
23. 23When visual pigments become bleached they are _____.

    1. Adead
    2. Bfully regenerated
    3. Ccolor sensitive
    4. Ddetached from the opsin
24. 24Rushton demonstrated that the physiological mechanism behind dark adaptation is _____.
    

    1. Avisual pigment regeneration
    2. Bthe enzyme cascade
    3. Cmodular organization
    4. Dphoton remission
25. 25Cone spectral sensitivity is measured by having the observer _____.
    

    1. Alook up and blink
    2. Blook straight forward without blinking
    3. Clook directly into a light
    4. Dlook to the side of a flashing light
26. 26The peak in the spectral sensitivity curve is about _____ for the rods, and about _____ for the cones.
    

    1. A700 nm; 400 nm
    2. B450 nm; 800 nm
    3. C500 nm; 560 nm
    4. D600 nm; 450 nm
27. 27The Purkinje shift _____.
    

    1. Aoccurs when reds appear brighter than blues in well-lit conditions, but blues appear brighter than reds in dim conditions
    2. Boccurs when blues appear brighter than reds in well-lit conditions, but blues appear brighter than reds in dim conditions
    3. Coccurs when details that are easily seen in well-lit conditions become more difficult to see in low-light conditions
    4. Ddemonstrates the importance of eye movements in visual pigment regeneration
28. 28There are ____ different cone receptors, each with different absorption spectra.
    

    1. A2
    2. B3
    3. C4
    4. D7
29. 29The three major parts of a neuron are _____.

    1. Adendrites, cell body, and axon
    2. Baxon, nerve fiber, and receptor
    3. Creceptor, transmitter, and median
    4. Dreceptor, dendrites, and conductor
30. 30The difference in charge between the inside and the outside of the nerve fiber when the nerve is at rest is _____ mV.
    

    1. A–70
    2. B–10
    3. C0
    4. D+19
31. 31Which of the following statements best defines the “propagated response”?
    

    1. AOnce a response is triggered, the response travels the length of the axon without decreasing in amplitude.
    2. BOnce a response is triggered, the response gradually increases in amplitude as it travels down the length of the axon.
    3. CThe response increases the positive charge of the chlorine ions throughout the length of the axon.
    4. DThe number of negative potassium ions increase the closer the impulse is to the dendrites.
32. 32As stimulus intensity is increased, recording from a single neuron shows that _____.
    

    1. Athe amplitude of the action potential increases
    2. Bthe amplitude of the action potential decreases
    3. Cthe amplitude of the action potential may increase or decrease, depending on the stimulus
    4. Dthe rate of firing of the nerve fiber increases
33. 33The upper limit of a neuron’s firing rate is estimated to be _____ impulses per second.
    

    1. A20
    2. B100
    3. C800
    4. D4400
34. 34At the beginning of the action potential, _____ ions flow from outside the nerve fiber into the nerve fiber.
    

    1. Apositive potassium
    2. Bnegative potassium
    3. Cpositive sodium
    4. Dnegative sodium
35. 35The flow of ions that create the action potential are caused by the changes in the _____ of the nerve fiber.
    

    1. Asuppression
    2. Bpermeability
    3. Caccommodation
    4. Dassimilation
36. 36Synaptic vesicles contain chemicals called _____ that are released across the synapse to the next neuron.
    

    1. Aelectrolytes
    2. Bcollagens
    3. Cneurotransmitters
    4. Dglial cells
37. 37The _____ analogy is used to describe the relationship of neurotransmitters with receptor sites.
    

    1. A“needle in a haystack”
    2. B“lock and key”
    3. C“stadium wave”
    4. D“rolling stone”
38. 38______ is the process by which inhibitory transmitters cause the inside of the neuron to become more negative.
    

    1. AHyperpolarization
    2. BDepolarization
    3. CAntipolarization
    4. DRepolarization
39. 39The rate of firing of the postsynaptic neuron depends on the amount of _____ input it receives from the presynaptic neuron.

    1. Aexcitation
    2. Binhibition
    3. Cequalization
    4. Dboth excitation and inhibition
40. 40_____ is necessary for the neural transmission and processing of information.

    1. AOnly inhibition
    2. BOnly excitation
    3. COnly equalization
    4. DBoth inhibition and excitation
41. 41Rods and cones synapse with _____ cells, which then synapse with ____ cells.

    1. Aganglion; bipolar
    2. Bbipolar; ganglion
    3. Camacrine; unipolar
    4. Damacrine; bipolar
42. 42Converging circuits with excitation and inhibition are associated most closely with which step of the perceptual process?

    1. Arecognition
    2. Battention
    3. Cneural processing
    4. Dthe environmental stimulus
43. 43If we compare how the rods and cones converge onto other retinal neurons, we find that _____.

    1. Afoveal cones converge more than the peripheral rods
    2. Brods and cones converge equally
    3. Crods converge more than foveal cones
    4. Dhorizontal cells converge onto the peripheral cones
44. 44Convergence results in _____ sensitivity and _____ acuity.

    1. Aincreased; increased
    2. Bincreased; decreased
    3. Cdecreased; decreased
    4. Ddecreased; increased
45. 45Reading the eye chart in an optometrist’s office is used to measure _____.

    1. Aacuity
    2. Bsensitivity
    3. Creceptive fields
    4. Dcreativity
46. 46Acuity is better in the _____ than in the _____.

    1. Aperiphery; fovea
    2. Boptic disk; fovea
    3. Coptic disk; cornea
    4. Dfovea; periphery
47. 47The difficulty of reading under dim light conditions can be explained by _____.

    1. Athe increased sensitivity of cones under low light conditions
    2. Bthe increased acuity of cones under low light conditions
    3. Cthe fact that rod functioning predominates during dark adaptation, resulting in poor acuity
    4. Dthe fact that cone functioning predominates during dark adaptation, resulting in poor acuity
48. 48The stimuli used in the preferential looking technique of testing infant acuity are _____.

    1. Ageons
    2. Bgratings
    3. Cgreebles
    4. Dgraftings
49. 49Acuity develops to almost 20/20 vision by the time the infant is _____.

    1. Aone month old
    2. Btwo months old
    3. Cone year old
    4. Dtwo years old
50. 50Which of the following is a reason for the poor acuity of newborns?

    1. AThe rods are not developed at birth.
    2. BNewborns have too much visual pigment in the cones.
    3. CA newborn’s rods have very narrow inner segments.
    4. DThe visual cortex of the newborn is only partially developed.

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Psychology Quiz on PSCYO 367 CH.2, created by Ashley Azer on 06/11/2018.

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