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Biological Explanations for Aggression:

Thomas Partridge 4 questions

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Questions in this quiz (4)

  1. 1Neural Mechanisms for Aggression:

    The Limbic system processes [blank_start]emotional[blank_end] responses associated with aggression. Specifically, the cerebral cortex mediates levels of [blank_start]testosterone[blank_end] transmitted in the limbic system in response to the changing [blank_start]environment[blank_end].

    >The [blank_start]amygdala[blank_end] (part of limbic system) can malfunction due to damage. A tumour of the amygdala can increase testosterone levels potentially causing aggression.

    Supporting Evidence:
    Case Study: Charles [blank_start]Whitman[blank_end] murdered his wife and later went into a universitity killing [blank_start]16[blank_end] people and was shot by police. He had a tumour on his limbic scan once a post [blank_start]portem[blank_end] had been conducted. He had mentioned that it's his brains fault.

    Raine: PET Scanned [blank_start]41[blank_end] murderers, 41 controls. Murderers suffered abnormalities on their limbic system.

    Evaluation:
    + Robust, consistent, measurable findings
    + Practical Applications = remove defective part and acts as a [blank_start]biological[blank_end] [blank_start]marker[blank_end].
    - Ignores [blank_start]social[blank_end] factors/plasticity.
    - Case study has a [blank_start]narrow[blank_end] sample (unrepresentative of the total population)
    - Deterministic. We have no control over free will to not act out aggressively undermining our [blank_start]legal[blank_end] system
    1. A41
    2. Bemotional
    3. Ctestosterone
    4. Denvironment
    5. Eamygdala
    6. FWhitman
    7. G16
    8. Hportem
    9. Ibiological
    10. Jmarker
    11. Ksocial
    12. Lnarrow
    13. Mlegal
  2. 2Serotonin Explanation:
    > [blank_start]Low[blank_end] levels of serotonin = [blank_start]increases[blank_end] vulnerability to impulsive behaviour.
    > Drugs like [blank_start]Prozac[blank_end] can cause an increase in aggression.
    >Seretonin reduces aggression by inhibiting the response of [blank_start]emotional[blank_end] stimuli that would otherwise potentially leading to an aggressive response.
    > The [blank_start]frontal[blank_end] cortex doesn't control the activation of the limbic system in individuals with [blank_start]low[blank_end] serotonin means less control over emotional response.

    Supporting Evidence:

    [blank_start]Raleigh[blank_end] et al: Monkeys fed high [blank_start]tryptophan[blank_end] increases serotonin was less aggressive than monkeys with low [blank_start]tryptophan[blank_end] diet. Suggesting a correlation between serotonin levels and aggression.

    Mann et al - [blank_start]35[blank_end] healthy subjects given dexfenfluramine which depletes serotonin levels. Based of a self report [blank_start]questionaire[blank_end] to measure hostility levels/aggression. Dexfenfluramine increased aggression in men only and females were [blank_start]unaffected[blank_end].

    Evaluation:
    > + Practical Applications: Encourage [blank_start]tryptophan[blank_end] diet
    > +Highly operationalised, scientific experiments supporting evidence
    > - Animals cannot be [blank_start]generalised[blank_end] to humans.
    > -[blank_start]Correlational[blank_end] Issues and ignores environmental factors.
    1. ALow
    2. Bincreases
    3. CProzac
    4. Demotional
    5. Efrontal
    6. Flow
    7. GRaleigh
    8. Htryptophan
    9. Itryptophan
    10. J35
    11. Kquestionaire
    12. Lunaffected
    13. Mtryptophan
    14. Ngeneralised
    15. OCorrelational
  3. 3 Genes and Aggression:

    Genes could determine fluctuations in biochemistry or abnormalities of structures like the [blank_start]limbic[blank_end] system. If you think back to testosterone. Genes could control levels of testosterone being [blank_start]metabolised[blank_end],
    Some people might have a genetic [blank_start]predisposition[blank_end] to neutral/hormonal mechanisms which make aggression more likely.

    However, no specific gene that causes aggressive behaviour has been identified. One major issue with genetic studies is that people may have a PREDISPOSITION to aggression but it is not expressed due to environmentally related factors affecting the [blank_start]phenotype[blank_end].

    MAOA controls MAOA enzyme which breaks down [blank_start]neurotransmitters[blank_end] such as [blank_start]serotonin[blank_end]/dopamine. MAOA -L (L meaning low activity, ultimately producing [blank_start]fewer[blank_end] enzymes) increases levels of neurotransmitters. MAOA - L who experience [blank_start]domestic[blank_end] [blank_start]abuse[blank_end]. Which is an [blank_start]interactionist[blank_end] perspective

    The statistic is given that [blank_start]1/3[blank_end] of men have the MAOA-L gene present
    Genotype for Aggression = [blank_start]variation[blank_end] of MAOA - L
    >>MAOA is sensitive to social experiences ([blank_start]abuse[blank_end] in early childhood)
    >>>Phenotype = [blank_start]Aggressive[blank_end] behavior

    Overall the MAOA Gene does not [blank_start]automatically[blank_end] deem you an aggressive person.

    Supporting Evidence:

    Bruner:
    >Tested on participants from the [blank_start]Netherlands[blank_end].
    >Found that the ppt's possessed [blank_start]excess[blank_end] neurotransmitter/serotonin that they were unable to [blank_start]mop[blank_end] up
    This defect caused [blank_start]anti[blank_end]social/impulsive behaviour

    1. Alimbic
    2. Bmetabolised
    3. Cpredisposition
    4. Dphenotype
    5. Eneurotransmitters
    6. Fserotonin
    7. Gfewer
    8. Hdomestic
    9. Iabuse
    10. Jinteractionist
    11. K1/3
    12. Lvariation
    13. Mabuse
    14. NAggressive
    15. Oautomatically
    16. PNetherlands
    17. Qexcess
    18. Rmop
    19. Santi
  4. 4Miles and Cyrus: Carried out a study of [blank_start]24[blank_end] twin/[blank_start]adoption[blank_end] studies. Relying on [blank_start]self[blank_end]-reports to establish aggressive behaviour. Strong genetic influence attributing to 50% of genetic influences

    Evaluation of Genetic Explanation for Aggression:

    + Interactionist (account nature + Nurture)
    + Supporting evidence (main one being Bruner [blank_start]Syndrome[blank_end])
    + Explains [blank_start]root[blank_end] cause of hormonal/neural factors

    - Evidence = mostly a [blank_start]small[blank_end] narrow sample and only explains [blank_start]male[blank_end] related aggression (gender bias)
    - [blank_start]Ethical[blank_end] Implications = [blank_start]Genetic[blank_end] Engineering
    - Hard to distinguish between [blank_start]violence[blank_end] and non-[blank_start]violence[blank_end] (subjective)
    1. A24
    2. Badoption
    3. Cself
    4. DSyndrome
    5. Eroot
    6. Fsmall
    7. Gmale
    8. HEthical
    9. IGenetic
    10. Jviolence
    11. Kviolence

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Description
A level Psychology (Aggression) Quiz on Biological Explanations for Aggression:, created by Thomas Partridge on 03/12/2018.
Language
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