The Intestines

1. 1The foregut includes the [blank_start]oesophagus[blank_end], [blank_start]stomach[blank_end] and [blank_start]proximal duodenum[blank_end] up to the [blank_start]major duodenal papilla[blank_end].
   The midgut extends distal to the [blank_start]major duodenal papilla[blank_end] to [blank_start]2/3[blank_end] along the [blank_start]transverse colon[blank_end].
   The hindgut extends from the [blank_start]distal[blank_end] 1/3 of the [blank_start]transverse colon[blank_end] to the [blank_start]upper anal canal[blank_end].

   1. Aoesophagus
   2. Bstomach
   3. Cproximal duodenum
   4. Dmajor duodenal papilla
   5. Emajor duodenal papilla
   6. F2/3
   7. Gtransverse colon
   8. Hdistal
   9. Itransverse colon
   10. Jupper anal canal
2. 2The proximal duodenum is intraperitoneal along with the stomach.

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
3. 3The jejunum and ileum are both intraperitoneal.

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
4. 4The cecum and ascending colon are intraperitoneal.

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
5. 5The transverse and sigmoid colon are both intraperitoneal.

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
6. 6The descending colon and rectum are retroperitoneal.

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
7. 7This mnemonic is used to state the retroperitoneal abdominal organs. Fill in the blanks to complete it.
   S[blank_start]uprarenal glands[blank_end]
   A[blank_start]orta and IVC[blank_end]
   D[blank_start]uodenum[blank_end] (distal 2/3)
   
   P[blank_start]ancreas[blank_end]
   U[blank_start]reters[blank_end]
   C[blank_start]olon[blank_end] (ascending and descending)
   K[blank_start]idneys[blank_end]
   E[blank_start]sophagus[blank_end]
   R[blank_start]ectum[blank_end]

   1. Auprarenal glands
   2. Borta and IVC
   3. Cuodenum
   4. Dancreas
   5. Ereters
   6. Folon
   7. Gidneys
   8. Hsophagus
   9. Iectum
8. 8Where does The Mesentery extend to and from?

   1. A15cm from the ileocaecal junction to the duodenal jejunal flexure
   2. B15cm from the ileocaecal junction to the pylorus
   3. CFrom the duodenal jejunal flexure to the appendix
   4. DFrom the hepatic flexure to the rectum
9. 9Through what structure does the superior mesenteric artery directly supply the intraperitoneal organs of the midgut?

   1. AMesenteries
   2. BCamper's fascia
   3. CSubmucosal layer
   4. DSerosae
10. 10This diagram shows the duodenum. Label it.

    

    1. ASuperior
    2. BDescending
    3. CInferior
    4. DAscending
    5. EMajor duodenal papilla
    6. FPlicae circularis
    7. GSuperior mesenteric vessels
    8. HDuodenal-jejunal flexure

11. 11This diagram shows the suspensory ligament of [blank_start]Treitz[blank_end]. This holds the [blank_start]duodenal-jejunal[blank_end] flexure in place and elevates it slightly. It extends from the [blank_start]right crus[blank_end] of the diaphragm looping around the [blank_start]oesophagus[blank_end] and is initially [blank_start]muscular[blank_end] before fibrosing to become [blank_start]ligamentous[blank_end] at the flexure.

    

    1. ATreitz
    2. Bduodenal-jejunal
    3. Cright crus
    4. Doesophagus
    5. Emuscular
    6. Fligamentous
12. 12This diagram shows the wall and mesentery of the jejunum. Label it.

    

    1. AFat
    2. BVasa recta
    3. CSerosa
    4. DLongitudinal layer
    5. ECircular layer
    6. FSubmucosa
    7. GPlicae circulares
13. 13Which portion of the small intestine is shown here? Note the short arterial arcades and long vasa recta. Also note that the labels are the wrong way round.

    

    1. ADuodenum
    2. BJejunum
    3. CIleum
14. 14Which portion of the small intestine is shows here? Note the complex vascular arcades and short vasa recta. Remember that the labels are wrong.

    

    1. ADuodenum
    2. BJejunum
    3. CIleum
15. 15This is a diagram of the ileum. Label it.

    

    1. AFat
    2. BVascular arcade
    3. CGut-associated Lymphoid tissue
    4. DPeyer's patch
    5. EPlicae circularis
    6. FGut wall
    7. GVasa recta
16. 16Which section of the small intestine has more plicae circulares?

    1. AIleum
    2. BJejunum
17. 17Which portion of the intestines has Peyer's patches?

    1. Ajejunum
    2. BIleum
18. 18These diagram shows the lymphatics of the gut. Label it.

    

    1. AThoracic duct
    2. BCisterna chyli
    3. CSuperior mesenteric lymph nodes
    4. DCeliac lymph nodes
    5. ERight colic lymph nodes
    6. FIntermediate mesenteric lymph nodes
    7. GJuxtaintestinal lymph nodes
    8. HIleocolic lymph nodes
19. 19Only the gut can drain to the pre-aortic lymph nodes.

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
20. 20Which features of the large intestine are not seen in the small intestine?

    1. AHaustra
    2. BTeniae coli
    3. CEpiploic appendages/omental appendices
    4. DMuscularis mucosa
    5. ESubmucosa
21. 21This image shows an opened section of the large intestine. Label it.

    

    1. ATeniae coli
    2. BHaustra
    3. CEpiploic appendage
22. 22In the large bowl, the [blank_start]longitudinal[blank_end] muscle of the muscularis [blank_start]externa[blank_end] thickens into 3 longitudinal strips known as [blank_start]teniae coli[blank_end]. Between them, there is no [blank_start]longitudinal muscle[blank_end]. As the teniae coli [blank_start]contract[blank_end] and constrict the intestine, the non-muscular portions pouch outwards to form [blank_start]haustra[blank_end]. From the large intestine hang fat-filled pouches known as [blank_start]epiploic appendages[blank_end].

    1. Alongitudinal
    2. Bexterna
    3. Cteniae coli
    4. Dlongitudinal muscle
    5. Econtract
    6. Fhaustra
    7. Gepiploic appendages
23. 23What is the function of the epiploic appendages?

    1. AFat storage to supply the large bowel with a source of metabolic energy for contraction
    2. BProtect the large bowel
    3. CConnect the large bowel to vasculature
    4. DWe don't know
24. 24Diverticular openings are outpouchings of the muscularis and [blank_start]mucosa[blank_end] that are pathological. They are most commonly found in the [blank_start]sigmoid colon[blank_end]. Blockage of these openings by faecal matter can cause [blank_start]fluid[blank_end] to accumulate within them. If this fluid becomes infected, it causes [blank_start]diverticulitis[blank_end] which can lead to bleeding and inflammation.

    

    1. Amucosa
    2. Bsigmoid colon
    3. Cfluid
    4. Ddiverticulitis
25. 25The caecum is always retroperitoneal

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
26. 26Where is pain in the appendix referred to before the appendix reaches the parietal peritoneum?

    1. AUmbilical region
    2. BRight iliac fossa
    3. CEpigastric region
    4. DRight ilioinguinal region
27. 27Where does pain in the appendix shift to once an inflamed appendix makes contact with the parietal peritoneum?

    1. ARight iliac fossa
    2. BUmbilical region
    3. CEpigastric region
    4. DLeft iliac fossa
28. 28Where is McBurney's point?

    1. A1/3 of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus
    2. B2/3 of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus
    3. CIn the centre of the ilioinguinal region
    4. D2cm below the point of intersection of transtubercular and right lateral planes
29. 29This image shows the [blank_start]ileocaecal[blank_end] junction. At the direct junction between the ileum and the caecum, there are two folds of mucosal tissue that are expanded [blank_start]plicae circularis[blank_end]. They form a structure akin to a [blank_start]valve[blank_end] that helps segregate the contents of the ileum from the caecum.

    

    1. Aileocaecal
    2. Bplicae circularis
    3. Cvalve
30. 30This diagram shows the different parts of the large bowel. Label it.

    

    1. AHepatic flexure
    2. BAscending colon
    3. CCaecum
    4. DAppendix
    5. ESigmoid colon
    6. FRectum
    7. GDescending colon
    8. HSplenic flexure
    9. ITransverse colon
31. 31Where are the Brunner's glands exclusively found?

    1. ADuodenum
    2. BJejunum
    3. CIleum
    4. DCaecum
32. 32What do the Brunner's glands secrete?

    1. AAlkaline mucous
    2. BAcidic mucous
    3. CSecretin
    4. DCholecystokinin
33. 33The secretions of the Brunner's glands help to neutralise acidic chyme and protect the intestinal mucosa as well as activate intestinal enzymes.

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
34. 34The small intestines are roughly [blank_start]6m[blank_end] in length.
    The duodenum takes up around [blank_start]5%[blank_end] of this length.
    The jejunum takes up less than [blank_start]40%[blank_end] of this length.
    The ileum takes up less than [blank_start]60%[blank_end] of this length.

    1. A6m
    2. B3m
    3. C10m
    4. D5%
    5. E40%
    6. F60%
35. 35What is segmental contraction in the gut?

    1. ASegments of the digestive tract alternate between contraction and relaxation to spread chyme in both directions
    2. BA wave of relaxation moves ahead of the bolus whilst a contraction wave moves behind it, forcing the bolus along the tract
    3. CSegments of the digestive tract alternate between contraction and relaxation to spread chyme forwards
    4. DA wave of contraction moves ahead of the bolus whilst a relaxation wave moves behind it, forcing the bolus along the tract
36. 36Where will you find the crypts of Lieberkuhn/intestinal crypts/intestinal glands?

    1. AColon only
    2. BSmall intestine only
    3. CColon and small intestine
    4. DJejunum only
37. 37Where does the superior mesenteric artery, suppling the midgut, arise from?

    1. AAorta
    2. BCoeliac trunk
    3. CSplenic artery
    4. DCommon hepatic artery
38. 38Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the arterial supply to the midgut.

    

    1. ASuperior mesenteric artery
    2. BJejunal and ileal arteries
    3. CIleocolic artery
    4. DRight colic artery
    5. EMiddle colic artery
39. 39Where does the inferior mesenteric artery arise from?

    1. AAorta
    2. BSplenic artery
    3. CCoeliac trunk
    4. DSuperior mesenteric artery
40. 40At what level does the inferior mesenteric artery arise?

    1. AL3
    2. BL4
    3. CL5
    4. DS1
41. 41At what level does the superior mesenteric artery arise?

    1. AL1
    2. BL2
    3. CL3
    4. DL4
42. 42Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the arterial supply of the hindgut via the inferior mesenteric artery.

    

    1. AMarginal artery
    2. BMiddle colic artery
    3. CRight colic artery
    4. DIleocolic artery
    5. ELeft colic artery
    6. FSigmoidal arteries
    7. GSuperior rectal artery
43. 43Which is true of the marginal artery?

    1. AConnects the middle colic artery to the left colic artery, ultimately joining the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
    2. BAnastamotic connection to ensure constant blood supply
    3. CBranches off the coeliac trunk
    4. DSupplies the sigmoid colon
44. 44What does the superior mesenteric vein, draining the midgut, drain into?

    1. AHepatic portal vein
    2. BSplenic vein
    3. CInferior vena cava
    4. DInferior mesenteric vein
45. 45What does the inferior mesenteric vein, draining the hindgut, drain into?

    1. ASplenic vein
    2. BHepatic portal vein
    3. CSuperior mesenteric vein
    4. DInferior vena cava
46. 46Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the venous drainage of the midgut and hindgut.

    

    1. AHepatic portal vein
    2. BSplenic vein
    3. CSuperior mesenteric vein
    4. DInferior pancreatico-duodenal vein
    5. ERight gastroepiploic vein
    6. FMiddle colic vein
    7. GRIght colic vein
    8. HIleocolic vein
    9. IInferior mesenteric vein
    10. JLeft colic vein
    11. KSigmoidal veins
    12. LSuperior rectal vein
    13. MJejunal and ileal veins
47. 47Drag and drop the correct answers to label this diagram of the venous drainage of the midgut and hindgut.

    

    1. ACystic vein
    2. BGastric veins
    3. CSuperior mesenteric vein
    4. DInferior mesenteric vein
    5. ESpleen
48. 48The superior mesenteric ganglion, which provides sympathetic innervation of the midgut, arises from which spinal nerve roots?

    1. AT6-T12
    2. BT5-T9
    3. CT12-L2
    4. DS2-S4
49. 49What provides parasympathetic innervation to the midgut?

    1. AVagus nerve
    2. BPelvic splanchnic nerves S2-S4
    3. CSuperior mesenteric ganglion
    4. DInferior mesenteric ganglion
50. 50The inferior mesenteric ganglion, which provides sympathetic innervation to the hindgut, arises from which spinal nerve roots?

    1. AT5-T9
    2. BT6-T12
    3. CT12-L2
    4. DS2-S4
51. 51Which of the following supplies parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut?

    1. AVagus
    2. BPelvic splanchnics S2-S4
    3. CInferior mesenteric ganglion
    4. DSuperior mesenteric ganglion
52. 52Where are the postganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic fibres to the midgut and hindgut?

    1. AWall of the organ
    2. BGanglia
    3. CBrainstem
    4. DSpinal cord

Description

University Functional Anatomy and Embryology Quiz on The Intestines, created by Charlotte Jakes on 26/11/2019.

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Charlotte Jakes

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