Quiz
Clin Path-Lymphocytes
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Questions in this quiz (30)
1[blank_start]Pluripotent stem cell[blank_end]: a self-renewing cell which gives rise to committed stem cells when stimulated.
[blank_start]Colony forming units (CFU)[blank_end]: stem cells committed to production of a single cell type (for example, eosinophils). An exception to this is CFU-GM (colony forming unit - granulocyte-monocyte), which splits further into neutrophil and monocyte producing stem cells.
[blank_start]Blast cell[blank_end]: a young undifferentiated cell with one or more visible nucleoli. It is one step beyond the CFU stage and can be recognized in bone marrow aspirates as rubriblasts or myeloblasts.
[blank_start]Granulocyte[blank_end]: a white blood cell (leukocyte) with cytoplasmic granules (neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil). Therefore, lymphocytes and monocytes are leukocytes but are not granulocytes. This designation ignores the fact that some lymphocytes contain granules, but life isn=t perfect, is it?- APluripotent stem cell
- BColony forming units (CFU)
- CBlast cell
- DGranulocyte
22 types of neutrophils are present in the circulation of a healthy animal: the vast majority are mature [blank_start]segmented[blank_end] neutrophils, with a few [blank_start]band[blank_end] neutrophils also seen. Higher numbers of [blank_start]band neutrophils[blank_end] signify inflammation.
In clinical pathology, we mean a segmented neutrophil if we just say neutrophil and band neutrophils are specifically called bands or band neutrophils.
Segmented neutrophils have a segmented nucleus (with a dark condensed chromatin pattern) connected by thin strands.
Segmented neutrophils from female animals may have a [blank_start]Barr body[blank_end] - a drumstick shaped extension of the nucleus.
Band neutrophils classically have a U-shaped nucleus (can be other shapes, such as C or S shaped).
Cytoplasm of neutrophils is typically [blank_start]non-staining[blank_end] or very faintly pink or blue - granules are present but they are not usually possible to see with a light microscope.
The same cell type in birds, fish, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits have [blank_start]pinker[blank_end] staining granules and are sometimes (not always, depends on the reference) called [blank_start]heterophils[blank_end]. The current preferred term is still neutrophils- Asegmented
- Bband
- Cband neutrophils
- DBarr body
- Enon-staining
- Fpinker
- Gheterophils
3Select all the following that may cause neutrophilia
- Atoxins
- Bneoplasia
- Cfungal and viral infections
- Dimmune-mediated disease
- Eall can cause neutrophilia
4Which of the following is part of the proliferation pool of neutrophils?
- Amyeloblast
- Bmetamyelocytes
- Cband neutrophil
5Select the following that are stages of neutrophil life stages?
- Abonemarrow
- Bintravascular
- Ctissue
- Ddiapedetic
- Eadhesion
- Fproliferation
6In most species, approximately equal numbers of neutrophils in the blood are in the circulating (50 %) and marginating (50 %) pools
- ATrue
- BFalse
7In most species, approximately equal numbers of neutrophils in the blood are in the circulating ([blank_start]50[blank_end] %) and marginating (50 %) pools. The cat differs in that ~[blank_start]75[blank_end] % of blood neutrophils are in the marginating pool, with only ~[blank_start]25[blank_end] % freely circulating.
- A75
- B25
- C50
8It generally takes [blank_start]3[blank_end]-[blank_start]5[blank_end] days before you will see any evidence of increased segmented neutrophil numbers in the bloodstream as a result of increased bone marrow production.
- A3
- B5
9Which of the following is not a morphological characteristic of monocytes?
- Amottled lacy chromatin pattern
- Bround to lobulated nucleus
- Ccrisp vacuoles in the cytoplasm
- Dgrey-neutral staining cytoplasm
10monocytes are short-lived cells that remain in the tissue and can produce more macrophages.
- ATrue
- BFalse
11Connective tissue histiocytes, osteoclasts, microglial cells in the nervous system, Kupffer cells in the liver and Langerhan's cells in the skin are all examples of tissue fixed monocytes
- ATrue
- BFalse
12which of the following does NOT cause increased monocytosis?
- Atrauma
- Bexcitement
- Cstress
- Dtype 1 hypersensitivity reactions
13a marked monocytosis is often seen with acute inflammation
- ATrue
- BFalse
14neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils cannot be differentiated visually until the myelocyte stage when specific granules appear
- ATrue
- BFalse
15Eosinophilia due to parasites occurs only when sensitivity to parasite proteins has developed and these proteins are then exposed to body tissues or the bloodstream to trigger an increase in eosinophil production and release into the blood.
- ATrue
- BFalse
16basophils
- Ahave a segmented nucleus like neutrophils and eosinophils
- BThe nuclear chromatin is more condensed than in neutrophils
- Coften make up 10 % of a differential count in a normal animal.
17
Basophils, like mast cells, they are involved in immediate (type 1) hypersensitivity reactions.
• When a specific antigen binds to [blank_start]IgE[blank_end] bound to the basophil surface, degranulation and release of granule components occurs.
• Granules contain numerous substances, including [blank_start]histamine[blank_end] and heparin- AIgE
- Bhistamine
18After neutrophils, these are the most common circulating leukocyte in domestic animals, including mature cattle
- Amonocytes
- Bbasophils
- Clymphocytes
19Which of the following is FALSE regarding Production and kinetics of lymphocytes?
- AThey are not stored in the marrow
- BA unique feature of lymphocytes is that they
- Clifespan of lymphocytes is generally longer than for other cells
- Dcauses of mild to moderate lymphocytosis include cortisol release or antigenic stimulation
20Which of the following can alter WBC count numbers?
- Anucleated RBC's
- Bthrombocytopenia
- Cage of patient
- Dsex of patient
21Which of the following statements regarding neutrophil toxicity is true?
- A• Neutrophil toxicity is evidence that systemic toxins are present in the body. Since neutrophil toxicity is a sign of abnormal maturation of neutrophil cytoplasm, it indicates that the microenvironment of the marrow was not ideal when those cells were being produced.
- BThe causes of neutrophil toxicity include endogenous toxins (such as inflammatory mediators) and exogenous toxins
- CNeutrophil toxicity is characterized by cytoplasmic changes, whereas neutrophil degeneration is characterized by nuclear changes
- DAll are correct
- ENone are true
22Degenerate neutrophils were once normal but have been altered at the tissue site. Toxic neutrophils were never normal since the alteration is one of cytoplasmic maturation.
- ATrue
- BFalse
23These are pale blue-grey variably shaped and shaped aggregates of abnormal rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. They are one of the earliest changes to occur with toxicity, so they can be seen in any situation of mild toxicity
- ADhole bodies
- Bfoamy basophilia
- Ctoxic granulation
24This is due to escape of hydrolytic enzymes and the presence of increased amounts of basophilic staining RNA. The cytoplasm has a foamy appearance and is more blue than normal.
- Acytoplasmic foamy basophilia
- Btoxic granulation
- Cdhole bodies
25Physiologic leukocytosis
-Mild [blank_start]neutrophilia[blank_end] without a left shift
-Lymphocytes are most often mildly to moderately [blank_start]increased[blank_end]
-no evidence of monocytosis
Corticosteroid (stress) response
-neutrophilia with [blank_start]no left shift[blank_end]
-[blank_start]lymphopenia[blank_end] often mild to marked
-[blank_start]monocytosis[blank_end]- Aneutrophilia
- Bincreased
- Cmonocytosis
- Dno left shift
- Elymphopenia
26Protein/fibrinogen ratios are calculated as P/F or rarely as (P-F)/F
• If the reason for the increased fibrinogen concentration is dehydration, the total protein concentration should also be increased, and the P/F ratio will be [blank_start]15[blank_end] or higher.
• If the reason for the increased fibrinogen concentration is inflammation, the total protein concentration will not rise proportionately, and the P/F ratio will be [blank_start]10[blank_end] or less.
• If we calculate a P/F ratio of [blank_start]10[blank_end]-[blank_start]15[blank_end], we cannot really make any conclusions (grey zone).- A15
- B10
- C10
- D15
27If you see a low (<10) P/F ratio
- Ainflammation!
- BDehydration!
28There is individual variability in P/F ratios in animals
- ATrue
- BFalse
29select the following responsible for neutropenia
- Agenetic disease
- Btoxins
- Cexcitement
- Dbone marrow insufficiency
30in cattle specifically, which would cause lymphocytosis?
- ABLV
- Bgenetic bone marrow hyperactivity
- Cchronic leukemia
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- Description
- DVM Clin Path Quiz on Clin Path-Lymphocytes, created by Courtney Walsh on 04/02/2020.
- Author
- Courtney Walsh
- Language
- English
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