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Phamacotherapeutics - Drugs for Cough & Cold

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Pharm: Drugs for Cough and Cold
campbellpa2017
Quiz by campbellpa2017, updated more than 1 year ago
campbellpa2017
Created by campbellpa2017 almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which of the following is/are true regarding antitussive medications? (select all that apply)
Answer
  • Used to suppress coughing
  • May be used long-term
  • Better for dry (non-productive) cough
  • Not very effective at current OTC doses
  • Contraindicated in children < 6 years old

Question 2

Question
Why would antitussives be contraindicated?
Answer
  • They cause gastrointestinal symptoms if used over 7 days.
  • Coughing is a defense mechanism which we don't want to suppress.
  • Patient has a productive cough.
  • Patient is < 2 years old
  • All of the above
  • All but A

Question 3

Question
What is the mechanism of action of Codeine and what is it's brand name?
Answer
  • Inhibits cough through direct effect on brainstem cough center. Also might inhibit peripheral afferent neurons that initiate coughing.
  • Competes for H1 receptor sites on respiratory tract to reduce secretion and stop coughing
  • Robitussin AC
  • Robitussin DM
  • Delsym

Question 4

Question
What is the mechanism of Dextromethorphan and what is/are it's brand names?
Answer
  • Soothing to the airway through vaporization.
  • Inhibits cough reflex by a similar mechanism to Codeine (inhibits cough through direct effect on brainstem cough center) but is a non-narcotic.
  • Inhibits cough reflex by a similar mechanism to Codeine (inhibits cough through direct effect on brainstem cough center) but is a narcotic and provides stronger action.
  • Robitussin AC
  • Robitussin DM
  • Vicks Vaposteam
  • Delsym

Question 5

Question
Which two medications are sold as Vicks?
Answer
  • Delsym
  • Menthol
  • Carnauba
  • Camphor
  • Lanolin

Question 6

Question
What are some common adverse effects of Codeine?
Answer
  • Fatigue
  • Abdominal pain
  • Drowsiness
  • Dizziness
  • Ataxia

Question 7

Question
What are some common side effects of Dextromethorphan?
Answer
  • Confusion
  • Ataxia
  • Irritability
  • Nervousness
  • Excitement

Question 8

Question
What is the primary side effect of Benadryl?
Answer
  • Shortness of Breath
  • Ataxia
  • Vomiting
  • Insomnia
  • Drowsiness

Question 9

Question
Which drug do the young whippersnappers Robo Trip with?
Answer
  • Robitussin AC
  • Robaxin
  • Diphenhydramine
  • Dextromethorphan
  • Tylenol

Question 10

Question
What are some therapeutic benefits of Expectorants?
Answer
  • Compete for H1 receptor sites on respiratory tract to reduce secretion and stop coughing.
  • Facilitate production and ejection of mucus.
  • May increase pulmonary function
  • Prevents respiratory passages from being clogged by thick, viscous secretions.
  • Reduce secretions from upper airway so as to prevent drainage into the lower respiratory tract.

Question 11

Question
Which of the following are Adverse Effects of Decongestants?
Answer
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Hypertension
  • Palpitations
  • Seizures
  • Nausea
  • Nervousness

Question 12

Question
Which of the following are characteristics of decongestants.
Answer
  • Binds to receptors located on blood vessels of nasal mucosa and stimulate vasoconstriction and resulting in drying up of mucosal vasculature and decreased local congestion
  • Usually beta-2 adrenergic agonists.
  • Usually beta-1 adrenergic agonists.
  • Usually alpha-1 adrenergic agonists.
  • Almost exclusively systemic medications.
  • May be systemic or local medications.
  • Almost exclusively local medications
  • Can cause CNS depression, avoid excessive use
  • Can cause CNS excitation, avoid excessive use

Question 13

Question
Which oral decongestant rocks and which one sucks?
Answer
  • Phenylephrine
  • Pseudoephedrine

Question 14

Question
When is the best time to take an oral decongestant?
Answer
  • In the morning to reduce the negative consequences of CNS excitation.
  • In the evening to reduce the negative consequences of CNS depression.
  • Any time of day as CNS effects are not often seen in decongestants.
  • In the evening to help congested patients sleep.

Question 15

Question
What is the chief concern with Afrin administration and what is its generic name?
Answer
  • Nasal polyps
  • Rebound congestion
  • Epistaxis
  • Oxymetazoline
  • Xylometazoline
  • Phenylephrine

Question 16

Question
Choose the correct statements regarding Phenylephrine and Pseudoephedrine. (if you get something incorrect, try flipping the statements)
Answer
  • Phenylephrine is more bioavailable (90%) than Pseudoephedrine (38%)
  • Phenylephrine: a1 adrenergic, weak B adrenergic Pseudoephedrine: a1 and B adrenergic
  • Phenylephrine has CNS effects, Pseudoephedrine does not.
  • Pseudoephedrine has more efficacy data than Phenylephrine.
  • Patients with heart conditions, asthma, and COPD need to be more cautious with Pseudoephedrine and less so with Phenylephrine

Question 17

Question
Which of these is NOT a condition in which we should be cautious when prescribing oral decongestants?
Answer
  • Hypertension
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Diabetes
  • Coronary heart disease
  • Diverticulitis
  • Elevated intraocular pressure
  • Prostatic hypertrophy
  • MAOIs

Question 18

Question
Which Histamine mediates allergic response and is therefore what our antihistamine drugs target?
Answer
  • H1
  • H2
  • H3
  • H4

Question 19

Question
Arrange these antihistamine medications in terms of their ability to cross the blood brain barrier, from most crossing to least.
Answer
  • Diphenhydramine, Loratidine, Fexofenadine, Cetirizine
  • Diphenhydramine, Fexofenadine, Loratidine, Cetirizine
  • Diphenhydramine, Cetirizine, Loratidine, Fexofenadine
  • Fexofenadine, Diphenhydramine, Cetirizine, Loratidine
  • Loratidine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Diphenhydramine

Question 20

Question
Which of the following medications are First Generation Antihistamines?
Answer
  • Brompheniramine (Dimetapp)
  • Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
  • Clemastine (Tavist)
  • Hydroxyzine (Atarax)
  • Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
  • Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • Desloratidine (Clarinex)

Question 21

Question
Which of the following are Second Generation Antihistamines?
Answer
  • Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
  • Desloratidine (Clarinex)
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • Fexofenadine (Allegra)
  • Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
  • Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
  • Loratidine (Claritin)

Question 22

Question
While antihistamines are generally used more for allergic rhinitis and congestion, one medication has some efficacy in treating cold related rhinorrhea. Which is it?
Answer
  • Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
  • Fexofenadine (Allegra)
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • Loratidine (Claritin)

Question 23

Question
What are some precautions and warnings to consider when prescribing antihistamines to patients?
Answer
  • Emphysema
  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Narrow Angle Glaucoma
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Enlarged Prostate Gland
  • Increased risk of CVA
  • Decrease in milk supply in nursing mothers.

Question 24

Question
What are some special considerations to make in elderly and children before prescribing Antihistamines?
Answer
  • Elderly patients having a paradoxical hyperactivity.
  • Children having a paradoxical hyperactivity.
  • Long half life in elderly, causing extended effect and increased fall risk.
  • Long half life in children, causing poor performance in school and social dysfunction.

Question 25

Question
When a combination product advertises itself as a Nighttime/PM medication, what is likely in the combination?
Answer
  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) but no antihistamine
  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) and/or an analgesic
  • Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, or Doxylamine
  • Dextromethorphan
  • Antihistamine

Question 26

Question
When a combination product advertises itself as a Nondrowsy/AM/Daytime medication, what is likely in the combination?
Answer
  • Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, or Doxylamine
  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) but no antihistamine
  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) and/or an analgesic
  • Dextromethorphan
  • Antihistamine

Question 27

Question
When a combination product advertises itself as a Sinus medication, what is likely in the combination?
Answer
  • Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, or Doxylamine
  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) but no antihistamine
  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) and/or an analgesic
  • Dextromethorphan
  • Antihistamine

Question 28

Question
When a combination product advertises itself as a Cough medication, what is likely in the combination?
Answer
  • Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, or Doxylamine
  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) but no antihistamine
  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) and/or an analgesic
  • Dextromethorphan
  • Antihistamine

Question 29

Question
When a combination product advertises itself as an Allergy medication, what is likely in the combination?
Answer
  • Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, or Doxylamine
  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) but no antihistamine
  • Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine (decongestant) and/or an analgesic
  • Dextromethorphan
  • Antihistamine
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