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[4] HYPOTHESES

Ellaine Wahome Psychology A level Englisch 17 Karten

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  1. 1what is an aimgeneral statement of what the researcher intends to investigate (purpose of the study)
  2. 2what does aim usually begin withto investigate...
  3. 3research hypothesisgeneral prediction about what the researcher expects to happen or find out in an investigation
  4. 4scientific hypothesis should be...OPERATIONALISED- clear and stated in well-defined terms (not vague and general)
    - TESTATBLE- research study could show if it is correct or wrong
  5. 5Operationalisationclearly specifying/defining the behaviour
    (Enables the researcher to measure the behaviour under investigation and means that the researcher can replicate the exact procedure of the study to assess the reliability of the results)
  6. 6aims and hypothesis should always be operationalised...
  7. 7directional hypothesespredicts the way ONE VARIABLE WILL AFFECT ANOTHER in the study
    (Used when - previous studies have shown a similar effect - researcher can therefore be confident that the same result will be found)
  8. 8what does DH often start withParticipants who
    (e.g., participants who have consumed 300ml of speedup will say more worlds in 5 mins compared to participants who drink 300ml of h20)
  9. 9EXAMPLE OF A correlation directional hypothesisthere will be POSITIVE correlation between no. of mins revising per week & performance of a psychology test
  10. 10Non directional hypothesisNOT SPECIFIC in what they predict
    (Used when- previous study have not shown a similar effect - and there is NO PREVIOUS RESEARCH, and the researcher is therefore NOT CONFIDENT about the outcome of their own study)
  11. 11non-DH - state that one factor is linked to or affects another (BUT DON'T SAY EXACTLY HOW)often start with - 'there will be'
  12. 12EXPERIMENTAL non-directional hypothesis - there will be a difference in the no. of words spoken in 5 minsCORRELATIONAL non-directional hypothesis
    - there will be a POSITIVE correlation between number of mins revising per week and performance on the psychology test
  13. 13null hypotheseswritten like non directional hypotheses but PREDICT THAT THERE WILL BE NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2 CONDITIONS OF THE IV IN RELATION TO DV (or state that there will be no correlation between 2 variables)
  14. 14when are null hypotheses usedwhen previous studies haven't shown a similar effect or there is no previous research, and the researcher is therefore not confident about the outcome of their own study)
    state that - one factor is linked to or affects another (BUT DOESNT SAY EXACLY HOW)
    often starts with 'there will be'
  15. 15a researcher would always write two hypotheses at the beginning of their investigationdirectional/non-directional - predicting there will be a difference /corelation
    null hypothesis - predicting there will NOT be a difference/ correlation
    -------------------------------------
    ONCE THE RESEARCHER HAS CARRIED OUT THE STUDY AND GATHERED RESULTS - THEY WILL BE IN OPPOSITION TO ACCEPT ONE HYPOTHEISS AND REJECT THE OTHER
  16. 16when should a hypothesis be directional or non- previous research is contradictory
    - there is no previous evidence available for researcher to predict the direction of the results
  17. 17directionalthere is a past research indicating the likely DIRECTION of the effect (or similar)

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A level Psychology Karteikarten am [4] HYPOTHESES, erstellt von Ellaine Wahome am 30/11/2022.
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Ellaine Wahome
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