Karteikarten
5.3: Observational Learning
Karten in diesem Stapel (8)
- 1observational learningindirect learning that happens by watching others then imitating their behaviour
(vicarious learning) - 2components of observational learning1. attention = individual notices something in environment
2. retention = individual remembers what was noticed
3. reproduction = individual produces an action that imitates the one that was noticed
4. motivation = environment delivers consequence that changes likelihood of behaviour being reproduced again - 3motivationdepends on outcome of model
- if model is reinforced = more likely to be reproduced (vicarious reinforcement)
- if model is punished = less likely to be reproduced (vicarious punishment) - 4behaviour counts- allows objective quantitative data to be collected = reduces observer error/bias
- new technologies are available that assist in precision of data collection = further eliminates observer error/bias - 5factors that influence observational learningmore likely to imitate =
characteristics of model:
- warm/nurturing
- are reinforced
- authority figures
- people who are similar to us (gender, age, etc.)
- admire/higher social status
other factors:
- when we've been reinforced in past
- when we lack confidence in own abilities
- when situation is confusing or unfamiliar - 6timingproduction of learned behaviour may occur many years later when appropriate environmental cues exist to elicit behaviour
(e.g., only performing aggressive behaviour modelled by parents when they're in a relationship themselves) - 7mirror neuronssame mirror neuron activity occurs in brain during the observation of behaviour + its execution
- human emotions are 'contagious' = when we see a person smile neurons fire in our brain that're related to similar movements so we smile back - 8operant conditioning vs observational learningOC = direct learning vs OL = indirect
OC = no distinction between acquisition + performance
OL = learning can occur but won't be performed w/o motivation (distinction)
OC = doesn't include cognition
OL = involves cognition (thinking + memory)
Similarities = learner is active + reinforcement influences likeliness of behaviour occurring again
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- South Australian Certificate of Education Psychology Karteikarten am 5.3: Observational Learning, erstellt von Michala Baldwin am 18/09/2022.
- Erstellt von
- Michala Baldwin
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