Karteikarten
Watson and Rayner
Karten in diesem Stapel (18)
- 1MethodologyControlled observation
"well lit dark room"
observed and recorded.
1 baby boy "Albert" - 2Procedures and findings. Emotional testAlbert was tested with a range of stimuli and the metal bar.
Didn't show fear to stimuli. trembled and cried when metal bar was hit - 3Session 1 .Joint stimulation twice.
jumped and fell forward both times. - 4Session 2.Presented with rat. tentative toward the rat.
joint stimulation 3 times. after when rat was alone fell and whimpered
joint stimulation twice. after when rat was alone cried instantly - 5Session 3.emotional response to blocks after alternating between them and white rabbit. cried at rabbit not blocks
other stimuli was tested, rabbit, dog, fur coat, cotton wool, santa mask, without rat
negative response to rabbit, dog and fur coat.
same with wool and santa but didn't cry. - 6Session 4 (only procedure)Presented with blocks, followed by rat.
joint stimulation.
"freshened up the response" with rabbit and dog.
moved location. shown different stimuli again.
joint stimulation.
then the stimuli were shown on their own. - 7session 4 findingsPlayed with Blocks. withdrew from rat.
violent reaction at joint stimulation.
fell and whimpered after the 'freshing'
in different location alberts responses were less extreme to rat, rabbit and dog.
jumped violently at joint stimulation.
then whimpered at everything but the blocks - 8Session 5.Albert was presented with different white stimuli. whimpered and cried . at all except blocks and rat, but withdrew from rat and began to fret.
Albert was removed from the experiment on this day before Watson and Rayner could continue - 9ConclusionsA fear response can be conditioned to a neutral stimuli and can be transferred to similar stimuli.
If an emotional response can last a month it is likely to last a life time.
many phobias are due to conditioned emotional responses that are direct or has been transferred.
They believed Albert's fear could be removed by counter conditioning. - 10Evaluation. Reliability.Strong.....
high level of control, extraneous variable could be controlled
no iv or dv. Base line test was done.
filmed so future psychologists can validate results. Can be repeated. - 11external validity.Weak..
the study is unnatural and there fore results may not be able to be generalised to real life. - 12samplingweak
1 pps.
raised in hospital environment
No fear, rarely cried, no response to removal of support. shows he's different to other children of his age. - 13Alternative evidence. AgainstSeligman - Biological preparedness, Humans are genetically programmed to rapidly learn fears that could threaten our survival
- 14Ethical issues. Risk to ppsPsychological harm, didnt leave the same as he came in. No more stress than they usually would ( but he would have to come across fear in real life anyway, so its not a big deal)
- 15Valid consent.the mother gave valid consent.
But may have felt she had to because of her low status as a were nurse. - 16Confidentiality:( Didn't keep his identity a secret. was filmed. :) but was given a psydynum and we can't find him in adult hood.
- 17Social implications. Educationconditioned emotional responses may be used by teachers to create fear and anxiety. e.g. pupil afraid to answer question for giving a wrong answer.
- 18Health.systematic desensitisation is based on the idea that phobias can be counter conditioned by replacing the fear with a positive conditioned response (relaxation)
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- A-level Psychology (Case studies) Karteikarten am Watson and Rayner, erstellt von Evie Horne am 19/02/2017.
- Erstellt von
- Evie Horne · Feb 2017
- Aktualisiert
- 6 Apr 2018
- Aufrufe
- 6
- Bewertung
Mehr zu Classical conditioning