Karteikarten
Autonomic Nervous System
Karten in diesem Stapel (46)
- 1what are the PSNS and SNS branches of?the autonomic nervous system which controls involuntary responses
ANS is a branch of the motor part of the PNS - 2what is a ganglion?a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fibre.
- 3basic anatomy of the ANS2 neuron system
- pre ganglion and post ganglion - 4where do pre ganglionic fibres originate from?CNS
- 5where do post ganglionic fibres originate from?autonomic ganglia
- 6where do sympathetic pre ganglion fibres originate from?thoracolumbar
- 7where do sympathetcic post ganglionic fibres originate form?either the para vertebral chain or
pre vertebral ganglia - 8where to Parasympathetic pre ganglionic fibres originate from?craniosacral
- 9where do parasympathetic post ganglionic fibres originate from?in or near target organ
- 10long pre short postPSNS
- 11short pre long postsympathetic
- 124 ways to synapse via sympathetic NS1. synapse at same level on paravertebral chain
2. ascends to a higher up ganglia on paravertebral chain
3. descends to a lower level ganglia on paravertebral chain
4. passes out paravertebral chain without synapsing, synapses at prevertebral ganglia instead - 13what organs are supplied by neurons that synapse on the pre vertebral ganglia?GI tract, liver, bladder, genitalia, adrenal gland?
- 14referred painheart attack, sore left arm
1. visceral afferent comes from heart, heading back up spinal cord
2. synapses at same place as somatic afferent from left arm
3. CNS can't differentiate between the 2 - 15what organs does the sympathetic supply that the PSNS doesn't?adrenal glands, kidneys, smooth muscle in arterioles and venules, sweat glands in periphery
- limbs and body wall - 16effects on lungsP - bronchoconstriction
S - bronchodilation - 17urinary bladderp - release urine
s - urinary retention - 18pupilsp - constricts - miosis
s - dilates - mydriasis - 19male sexual organsp - erection
s - ejaculation - 20blood vesselsp - no effect
s - constriction - 21salivary glandsboth increase secretion
- 22sweat glandsp - no effect
s - increase secretion - 23liverp - no effect
s - glycogenolysis
and glycogenesis - 24pilomotorp - no effect
s- piloerection - 25what system predominates when bladder is filling?sympathetic - relaxation of detrusor muscle,
contraction of internal sphincter - 26when baldder is full?parasympathetic
- constriction of detrusor muscle
relaxation of internal sphincter - 27what ACh receptors does the PSNS use?All pre-ganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic sympathetic system release ACh
• Nicotinic receptors
All postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release ACh
• Muscarinic receptors - 28what neurotransmitter does the sympathetic NS use?Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons release noradrenaline
• Some release ACh (i.e. sweat glands) and adrenal medulla - 29difference between nicotinic and muscarinic ACh receptorsnicotinic - ionotropic - when Ach binds, ions flow through it
- acts as a channel for positively charged ions - mainly Na+
- depolarises cells
- all EXCITATORY
muscarinic - G protein linked receptor
- when ACh binds, there is a conformational shape change which allows it to phosphorylate various second messengers.
- 5 different types - 30what muscarinic receptors are excitatory?M1,3 and 5
- because their G protein stimulates phospholipase C which then activates ip3 and DAG - 31which muscarinic receptors are inhibitory?M2 and 4
- decrease conc of cAMP - 32where are most Muscarinic Ach receptors located?parasympathetic target organs
sweat glands (sympathetic)
vascular smooth muscle
CNS - 33where are nicotinic Ach receptors located?NMJ
sympathetic ganglia
parasympathetic ganglia
CNS - 34muscarinic receptor agonistsacetylcholine, muscarine, bethanechol, pilocarpine
- 35nicotinic agonistsacetylcholine, nicotinic
- 36pilocarpinemiosis
glaucoma
xerostomia - 37bethanecholbladder and GI hypotonia
- 38muscarinic ACh receptor antagonistsatropine, glycopyrronium, hyoscine hydrorbomide, hyoscine butyl bromide, ipratropium, tropicamide
- 39atropineused for:
adjunct for anaesthesia
Anticholinesterase poisoning
bradycardia/cardiac arrest - 40tropicamidemydriasis
- 41why is there little use of agonist of the muscarinic receptor?Very few diseases of ↓parasympathetic activity, more due to ↑ activity
- 42why is there a general problem of selectivity with antagonists?– Few differentiate between subtypes effectively
– Muscarinic ACh receptors widespread ∴ side effects
– Control by route of administration and distribution - 43adrenoreceptors2 main groups:
alpha 1 and 2
beta 1 2 and 3 - 44alpha 1main ANS locations: CDV, GI tract, GU
cellular response: inc IP3 and DAG
functional ANS response: vasoconstriction, smooth muscle contraction (gi sphincters and g)
agonists: NA, adrenalin, phenylephrine
antagonists: phentolamine, prazosin - 45beta 1locations: heart, kidneys
response: inc cardiac rate, force
renin release
agonists: NA, adrenaline, dobutamine
antagonists: propranolol, atenolol, carvediol - 46beta 2locations: lungs, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle
response: bronchodilator, relaxation of visceral smooth muscle, vasodilation (sk muscle)
agonists: adrenalin, salbutamol, salmaterol,
antagonists: atenolol, propranolol, carvediol
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- Neurology Karteikarten am Autonomic Nervous System, erstellt von hazel wilkie am 06/05/2017.
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- hazel wilkie
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