Attachment

Attachment

1. The role of the father

   • VS mother
     • Schaffer & Emerson (1964)
       • majority of babies attach to mother first
     • Grossmann (2002)
       • teen attachment
     • Field (1978)
       • primary fathers

2. Schaffer's stages of attachment

   • Schafer & Emerson (1964)
     • 60 Glasgow babies
       • Primary attachment - mother
   • Asocial
     • Indiscriminate
       • Specific
         • Multiple

3. Animal studies

   • Imprinting
     • Lorenz (1952)
       • Goslings
   • Contact comfort
     • Harlow (1958)
       • Rhesus monkeys

4. Learning theory

   • Dollard & Miller (1950)
     • Classical conditioning
       • Natural
     • Operant conditioning
       • Enforced

5. Bowlby's theory

   • Monotropic theory
     • Attachment is innate
       • One primary attachment
     • Social releasers
       • Reciprocal system

6. Ainsworth's Strange Situation

   • Ainsworth (1969)
     • Attachment types
       • Secure
       • Avoidant
       • Resistant

7. Cultural variations in attachment

   • van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988)
   • Simonelli et al (2014)

8. Theory of maternal deprivation

   • Bowlby (1951)
     • Continued maternal care
       • Maternal deprivation
         • lowers IQ
           • Goldfarb (1947)
         • Affectionless psychopathy
     • Critical period
       • 30 months
   • Bowlby (1944)
     • 44 thieves
       • 14/44 AP

9. Romanian orphan studies

   • Institutionalisation
   • Rutter et al (2011)
   • Zeanah et al (2005)

10. Influence on later relationships

    • Internal working model
    • Hazan and Shaver (1987)

11. Caregiver-infant interactions

    • Reciprocity and interactional synchrony
      • Brazleton et al (1975)
        • 'dance' of reciprocity
      • Isabella et al (!989)
        • IS + quality
      • Meltzof & Moore (1977)
        • Beginnings of IS
      • Feldman & Eidelman (2007)
        • Response to alert signals