Attachment

Attachment

1. bowlby

   • AO1- outline
     • six key features of attachment as thought by bowlby- describe each feature
       • -Adaptive -Social releasers -Critical period -Monotropy -Internal working model -Continuity hypothisis
   • AO2- Evaluate
     • two supporting studys
       • Shaffer and Emerson - supports Monotropy - Glasgow study
       • Hodges and tizard - orfan study - no attachment before 6 months
     • two refuting studys
       • Rutter (1995) - secondary caregiver is just as important. Bowlby said that but one primary attachment is important to maintain a healthy development
       • Grossman and Grossman (1991)

2. learning theory

   • A01 Outline
     • describe classical conditioning and oporant conditioning
   • A02 Evaluate
     • refuting studys
       • Schaffer and Emerson - found babies were not most attached to the person who fed them - Glasgow
       • Harlow - role of food - wire monkey with food and wire monkey with comfeter monkey, spent all the time with comfy monkey
     • supporting study
       • ?

3. secure and insecure attachment

   • AO1
     • describe ainsworth and the strange situation
       • weaknesses - developed in the USA cross culture might be different

4. cross culture

   • similarities AO1
     • ainsworth (1967) studied babies and mothers in Uganda - mothers who were most sensitive towards their babies seemed to be the most securly attached
     • Tronik et al - Zaire - cross culture study breastfeed by other women but still showed one secure attachment to their mothers
     • Fox infants israeil in communal childrens homes they showed grater attachment to their mothers despite spending more time with community nurses
   • diffrences AO1
     • Grossmann and Grossmann - German study classifiyed as insecurley attached rather than securly attached
     • Takahashi - found that japanese infants showed much higher rates of insecure resistant than most cultures no evidence of insecure avoident
     • ? could i combine the two if there was a question on just cross culture studys
   • AO2 Evaluation
     • cultural bias - Rothbaum at al strong western bias
     • culture and country - lack of validity many diffrent cultures and practices have been put together
     • cross cultural reaserch japanese infants are never separated and so appear insecure - German infants are not allowed to become to attached no proximty

5. disruption of attachment AO1

   • disruption to attachment is thought to have affect on socal and emoional development later in life.