Nucleic Acids: entrega.uribe_4

Nucleic Acids: entrega.uribe_4

1. Nomenclature

   • According to the attached molecules
     • Sugar+Nitrogenous base = Nucleoside (also known as aglicone)
       • Nucleoside + phosphate = Nucleotide
         • Nucleotide 1 + ... + Nucleotide n = Nucleic Acid
   • According to the ammount of phosphate gropus
     • monophosphate
     • Diphosphate
     • Triphosphate

2. Main types

   • ARN: Ribonucleic acid
     • Bases
       • A , G, U and C
     • Sugar
       • Desoxyrribose
     • Functions
       • Genetic information intracell messenger: RNAm
       • Genetic information transport: RNAt
   • ADN: Desoxyribonucleic acid
     • Bases
       • A,T,G and C
     • Functions
       • Genetic information storage
     • Sugar
       • Ribose
     • Structure
       • Double helicoidal strand
       • Phosphoric acid (outside); nitrogenous bases (inside)

3. Composed by nucleotides

   • Structure
     • Are composed by
       • 5 carbon sugar (β-D-ribofuranose)
         • Desoxyrribose
         • Ribose
       • Nitrogenous base
         • Pirimidines
           • Cytosine (C)
           • Uracil (U)
           • Thymine (T)
         • Purines
           • Adenine (A)
           • Guanine (G)
       • Phosphoric acid
     • General aspects
       • Covalent N-glycosidic bond between C-1'(anomeric carbon of the sugar)
         • And
           • N-1 of the pirimidinic ring
           • N-9 of the purinic ring
       • 1 or more phosphate groups esterified to the hydroxyl group of the sugar or another -OH grups present in phosphoric acid
         • Linear arrangement
         • Cyclic arrangement
   • Physicochemical properties
     • Ionic
       • Acidic behaviour
       • many pKa's
         • Ionic dissotiation equilibrium
       • Can be feasibly crystalized
     • Complex formation
       • Phosphate groups have affinity towards divalent cations
       • Are involved into phosphate transference enzymatic reactions
     • UV light absrobance
       • Allows to identify then by using spectrophotometric methods

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