Developmental

Developmental

1. Cognition

   • The activity of knowing.
     • Bjorklund (2011)
   • Mental processes by which we acquire information and use it.
   • Piaget
     • Most influential child development theorist
       • First to study genetic epistemology experimentally
     • Constructivist Theory
       • Equilibrium
         • Thought & Environment
         • Disequilibria stimulate activity and growth
           • Foundation of basic knowledge and intellectual development
       • Cognition develops through refinement and transformation of schemes
         • Organisation
           • Schemes are combined to form more complex ones
         • Adaptation
           • Assimilation
             • Interpret information
           • Accommodation
             • Modify existing schemes
       • Stage Theory
         • Sensorimotor Stage (0-2)
           • Substage 1
             • 0-1 months
             • Innate reflexes
               • Grabbing
               • Sucking
           • Substage 2
             • 1-4 months
             • Primary circular reactions
               • Reproducing an accidental event
           • Substage 3
             • 4-8 months
             • Secondary circular reactions
               • Aware of events beyond their own body
           • Substage 4
             • 8-12 months
             • Coordination of secondary circular reactions
               • Truly planned behaviour
               • 2 or more actions to achieve goal
                 • First incidence of problem solving
           • Substage 5
             • 12-18 months
             • Tertiary circular reactions
               • Experimenting with objects
                 • Trial and error
                   • Problem solving
               • Motivation to learn about the world
           • Substage 6
             • 18-24 months
             • Mental imagery and rehersal
               • Symbolic level problem solving
           • Object permanence
             • Develops through substages 3-6
           • A not B error
             • Not present at substage 5
           • Imitation
         • Pre-operational Stage (2-7)
         • Concrete Operational Stage
         • Formal Operational Stage
     • Methodology
       • Observational
       • Presented children with problems/scenarios
         • Asked questions