Studies (ToM)

Studies (ToM)

1. Wimmer et al 1983 - language trained chimps

   • True belief vs False belief

2. Piaget 1956 - 3 Mountains Task (perspective and acclusion)

   • Passed at age 4, but at a higher level (pass more of the time/more than 50%)

3. Hughes 1968 - Policeman task

   • In a 4 wall cross, hide from policeman, do not know where to hide unless they physically do it and cannot see the policeman 'if I can't see you, you can't see me'

4. Flavell et al - Appearance Reality Task

   • Sponge that looks like a rock, show to children at a distance, ask what it is = ROCK then let them touch it, what is it = SPONGE What did you think it was when I first showed you? Age 3/Early 4 yo --> Sponge Late 4/Age 5 yo --> Rock 

5. Theory of mind is the same regardless of who you are talking to

6. ToM = the ability to understand that others have different opinions/emotions/views of the world and that they act based upon them. (Not everyone thinks/is the same as you are)