Mindmap
Stalin
Inhalt der Mindmap
Stalin
Rise to Power
- Conditions in USSR (1924)
- Bolshevik Party
- Consolidation
- Violent means
- Ban
- factionalism
- Consolidation
- 1st communist state
- International isolation
- Gulags
- No public worship
- Nationalization
- Bolshevik Party
- Stalin vs Trotsky
- Lenin's funeral
- 'Stalin is the new Lenin'
- Triumvarate
- Kamenev
- Zioniev
- Anti-trotsky
- Positions
- See Stalin's position
- Patronage
- Trotsky
- Not present
- Commitment?
- Politburo
- see him as danger
- Jewish
- Only became Bolshevik
- 1917
- Intellectual not orator
- Not present
- Debate
- NEP
- S
- Used T's attitude to undermine him
- Seen as disruptive force by party
- Support decreased
- Seen as disruptive force by party
- Used T's attitude to undermine him
- T
- Wanted to squeeze peasants for resources to advance revolution
- NEP put interest of Nepmen over revolution
- S
- Modernization
- S
- Persuade peasants to co-operate + create surplus
- right comm.
- Persuade peasants to co-operate + create surplus
- T
- Force peasants to conform
- left comm.
- Division in nation
- left comm.
- Force peasants to conform
- S
- Ideological
- S
- Socialism in One Country
- Focus on turning USSR => modern state
- T's ideas = threat to security
- Focus on turning USSR => modern state
- Socialism in One Country
- T
- Permanent Revolution
- Export revolution
- Appeared irresponsible
- removed from position
- 1925
- removed from position
- Permanent Revolution
- S
- NEP
- S's Position
- People's Commissar for Nationalities (17)
- In charge of officials in many regions that made up USSR
- Head of Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate (19)
- oversaw all gvmt departments
- General Secretary
- Knew everything that happened
- patronage
- People's Commissar for Nationalities (17)
- Defeat of L and R
- Left
- Trotsky
- Lost propaganda war (20s)
- Removed from position
- Support of Zinoviev + Kamenev
- Lost propaganda war (20s)
- New opposition
- T, Z, K
- S used support from right to resist pressure
- outvoted + expelled from party
- Trotsky
- Right
- Stood in way of S's industrial/agricultural ideas
- industrialisation
- collectivisation
- Played on fears of R
- fears of revolution
- Poor organisation
- hoped could win over party with persuasion
- lack of support
- only trade unions
- S politically assaulted them
- completely undermined by 1929
- Stood in way of S's industrial/agricultural ideas
- Left
- Conditions in USSR (1924)
Establishment of Authoritarian States
- Economic Policies
- Collectivization
- Aims
- Bring peasants under control
- Raise capital
- Centralize agriculture
- USSR needed ind. development
- land could provide both
- surplus to be sold
- workers for industry
- land could provide both
- USSR needed ind. development
- Methods
- Land owned by state
- no longer farm for individual profit
- believe => large farms more efficient
- Kulaks
- Created as class to justify collectivization
- Dekulakization
- Propaganda campaign
- Land + property seized
- Sped up collectivization
- OGPU
- 23-34
- Became NKVD in 34 and before was Cheka
- 23-34
- arrested + deported
- forced on reluctant peasants
- Land owned by state
- Effects
- Civil War in cside
- Massive social upheaval
- Famine
- Peasants moved to towns
- less pressure on land
- Peasants ate grain + murdered livestock
- Success?
- 25% collectivized (1930)
- Achieved S's aims
- Helped S consolidate power/authority
- Contribution to industrialization
- Man-made famine
- 6-8 million peasents died
- Aims
- Industrialisation
- Aims
- Establish war economy
- Prepare USSR to fight against capitalists abroad
- Rapid increase of iron, steel + oil
- war
- Methods
- 5y plans
- 1st plan
- set targets
- quotas falsified
- Produciton of coal, iron + electricity was boosted
- 1st plan
- Socialism in One Country
- Used to promote industrialisation
- Stakhanovite Movement
- 14x normal amount of coal
- inspire workres
- 14x normal amount of coal
- 5y plans
- Effects
- Succeeded in heavy industry
- Failed to raise standards of living
- Rusian win WW2
- 3 FYP stopped by Nazi invasion
- Aims
- Collectivization
- The Purges (1929-34)
- Difficult to maintain effective opposition
- Removed anyone seen as threat to S
- surrendered party card followed by expulsion
- Accompanied by
- Gulags
- Civilian Police
- NKVD
- Ryutin Affair (32)
- Rightist opposition
- Stalin paranoid
- Kirov Purges (1934)
- Decree Agaisnt Terrorist Acts
- Used to justify purges
- Decree Agaisnt Terrorist Acts
- Great Terror (36-39)
- Intensified purges
- 3 main sections
- Party
- Army
- People
- Purges made legal
- Forced confessions
- suggested large conspiracy against S
- Lack of opposition
- Many welcomed
- Increase local power
- Stronger USSR
- Revolutionary Idealism
- Many welcomed
- Forced confessions
- Significance
- Stalin became the party
- Destroyed opposition so much
- He ended up making all deciisons
- Politburo
- Destroyed actual power
- last remenants of 'democratic' rule
- Destroyed actual power
- Ability to make ppl work towards him
- political advancement depedent on supporting S
- Destroyed opposition so much
- Coupled with propaganda
- People
- Always in fear
- Indoctrinated at every step
- support
- Party
- Stalin
- cult of personaity
- replace
- Religion
- Tsar
- replace
- cult of personaity
- support
- People
- Stalin became the party
- Economic Policies
Domestic Policies and Impact
- Minorities
- Kulaks
- Aimed to liquidate as class
- Accused of holding back revolution
- Taking farms away
- justified collectivization
- Deported to Siberia
- Baltic States
- Wanted to spread Soviet
- Sphere of influence
- Communism
- Occupation and annexation
- 40-41
- 44
- Mass deportation of baltic people
- Social effects
- Wanted to spread Soviet
- Religious
- Encourage worship of Stalin
- atheist society
- Campaigns to suppress Jews
- Buddhists and Muslims
- deported
- Traditions supressed
- religious buildings shut down
- religious leaders persecuted
- Anti-religious laws
- Deportation
- Prevent western USSR from supporting G
- Total control
- Grand scale deportation to Siberia
- Crimean Tartars
- Volga Germans
- 1/2 of 4 million deported died
- 20 mil uprooted from homes
- Kulaks
- Soviet Culture
- Socialist Realism
- All work to reflect problems, victories + progression of working class
- Paintings + sculptures
- Promote Stalin as symbol of Soviet glory
- Films
- Make all arts a propaganda tool
- Demonise enemy
- Literature
- Promote socialist realism
- Union of Soviet Writers
- Promote socialist realism
- Komsomol
- Youth Movement to create loyal following for future
- Stakhanovite Movement
- Socialist Realism
- Religion
- Aims
- Removal of all churches
- Spread cult of personality
- Church members => gulags
- Effects
- 1941 - 54,000 churches (before WW1) => 500
- League of Militant Godless
- Young Pioneers
- like scouts
- Public made to believe Church
- Corrupt
- greedy
- Worship of Stalin
- Aims
- Women
- Aims
- Equality
- Modernize
- Stable economy
- Methods
- unregistered marriages => no longer recognised
- Homosexuality outlawed
- Family
- Women > 2 children = heroines
- 1936
- Housewife Movement
- Abortion illegal
- Women not allowed in politics
- Effects
- Control over women
- Female workforce - 15 million by 1945
- Aims
- Education
- Aims
- Modernize
- Widespread + available to everyone (compulsory)
- Skilled + disciplined workers for industrialisation
- Future loyal generations
- Spread literacy
- Sense of nationalism
- Methods
- 000s of new schools
- Compulsory 5-15
- Newspaper prices reduced
- Compulsory uniforms
- 1935
- tests + examinations re-introduced
- Traditional, core subjects
- Emphasis on discipline
- Textbooks rewritten
- Teachers
- Monitored by Secret Police
- Effects
- Literacy: 28-86%
- World-class education system
- Growth of innovative ideas
- Aims
- Minorities