language frameworks

language frameworks

1. Grasp'm

   • genre
     • a group of texts with the same features
       • eg: letters, reports, poems, stories
         • each genre has a different writing style
     • you can also group similar genres together
       • according to how they use language
         • each group of genres is called a field
           • eg music, literature and conversation
             • each field has field-specific lexis/vocab used within that particular topic
   • register
     • type of language used in different situations
       • is it informal or formal
         • this will depend on the situation: audience, purpose, field, form
           • it varies in terms of lexis, grammar and phonology
   • audience
     • is the group of people that the text is aimed at
       • intended audiences can vary from the very general to the specific
       • the listener or reader, formal, informal, direct or indirect
   • subject
     • what the discourse is about
       • this will affect the lexis, grammar, phonology
   • purpose
     • texts will try to achieve a purpose
       • inform, explain, persuade, entertain, entertain, instruct
   • mode
     • spoken of written
       • or multimodal containing features of both spoken and written

2. analysing texts

3. main language frameworks

   • lexis
     • vocabulary
       • words that share a similar topic of focus are known as a lexical field
   • semantics
     • the study of how meaning is created through words and phrases
       • a word can have a literal meaning but it can also be associated with other meanings
   • phonology
     • is the study of sounds - how they are produced and how theyre combined to make words
       • this framework includes paralinguistic features and prosody feature
         • prosody features: pace, stress, ryhthm, inotonation
   • grammar
     • the system of rules that governs how words and sentences are constructed
       • 1) a system that groups words into classes according to their functions eg nouns and verbs
         • 2) a system of rules about how these types of words function in relation to eachother (syntax)
           • 3) the individual units that make up whole words (morphology)
   • pragmatics
     • the study of meaning in interaction
       • the hidden meanings of things said
   • discourse
     • is an extended piece of spoken or written language, made up of more than one utterance (in SL), or more than one sentence in (WL)
   • phonetics
     • deals with the production of speech sounds by humans
       • how we make the sounds which we use to communicate
   • syntax
     • the order in which we put words to make sensical units of meaning
       • phrases, clauses, sentences
         • we know these rules even though we havent learnt them formally
   • morphology
     • how words are formed
       • breaking down words into smaller units of meaning