Key Charles Dates (1625-26)

Key Charles Dates (1625-26)

1. 1625

   • Charles becomes King
     • Believer in Divine Right of Kings
     • Saw critcism as treacherous and treasoneous
     • Poor communicator
     • Henrietta Maria had increased influence over him
     • Favoured Armenians
     • Absolutist
   • Charles' First Parliament
     • Called to raise money for anti-Spanish expeditions
   • Tonnage and Poundage
     • Tax for "protection of the seas" from piractes but wasnt happening
     • Buckingham responsible so was therefore a good way to attack him
     • Usually given to the King in his first parliament for the whole reign but Coke and Phelips persuaded to grant it for one year
   • Buckingham Removes his Enemies
     • Purged the court of anyone who didn't support him
       • Bristol and the Earl of Arundel
     • Rest of the country began to resent the court as they felt it was under Buckinghams sway
   • Subsidies for War
     • For a continental war
     • Parliament was not happy as there was no decleration for war, failed Mansfield expedition and marriage to a catholic
     • Only gave £140,000 and more given if improvement. Charles asked for more. They attacked Buckingham and they were dissolved
   • Cadiz Expedition
     • Financed using the Queen's dowry and borrowng money from an international financier
     • Untrained and irresponsible troops (getting drunk), break down of discipline, retreated back to England and many starved
     • A minister thought the defeat was God punishing England; "not governed by justice but by bribery and extortion"

2. 1626

   • Attack on Buckingham
     • By Parliament
     • "Our honor is ruined, our ships are sunk, our men are perished, not by the enemy...but by those we trust" - Sir John Eliot
     • Arundel released but Bristol not (as had dirt on Charles). Charged with treason and parliament charged buck in response
     • Charles dismissed parliament with no subsidies
   • Break with France
     • Charles wanted to appease parliament and threw out Henrietta Marias servants
     • Didnt implement promised leniancies towards Roman Catholics
     • French refused to give military aid, Buck turned on French to help the Huduenots. England now at war with two most powerful countries in Europe
   • Laud's Sermon
     • "A royal command must be God's glory, and obedience to it a subjects honor"
     • Link between Arminianism and divine right of kings becoming more evident
   • Charles made Montagu a chaplain
   • York House Conference
     • Reconcile Puritans and Arminians
     • Conference held to heal religious differences and diffuse tensions
     • Only outcome was that Arminans had support of Buckingham and therefore Charles
   • "Benevolence"
     • Attempt to raise money
     • Request to taxpayers who would have paid a subsidy had it been voted, to give him money without pariliament voting it
     • No-one wanted to pay
   • Proclamation attacking Puritans
     • Day of dissolving parliament, Charles issued a proclamation
     • Seemed to support Ariminans and attack the Puritan mainstream of the Church
   • Second Parliament
     • Needed money.Coke and Phelips made sheriffs to prevent them standing and prevent disturbances