Atherosclerosis

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Atherosclerosis

The endothelium wall becomes damaged. For example, high blood pressure can put extra strain on the cells. Toxins in the bloodstream from smoking can also cause damage to the endothelium wall.

Damage to the wall triggers an inflammatory response. white blood cells, macrophages, move from the artery into the wall, along with LDLs (cholestrol).

The macrophages and LDLs start to group together under the endothelium layer to the cells. This deposit is called an atheroma.

Fibrous tissues also build up, resulting in a hard swelling called a plaque.

The plaque causes the artery to become narrow and the elasticity of the wall is lost.

This makes it more difficult for the heart to pump blood around the body, leading to a high blood pressure that can cause further plaques and atheromas.

When the blood builds up the macrophages release an enzyme which penetrates the endothelium wall

A disease process that leads to coronary heart disease or strokes. Fatty deposits can block arteries and increase the chance of thrombosis

Atherosclerosis

Process