Karteikarten
Cell Lec. Notes - 11/6 - Genetic Code and Transcription (Eukary.)
Karten in diesem Stapel (57)
- 1Eukary. are similar to prokary. transcription-how?They both have (4) steps
- 2Eukar. have _ RNA polymerase.3
- 3For binding to happen for the RNA polym., what needs to present @ the ____?Transcription factors; promoter
- 4What happens after RNA strand is made and while it is being made?Editing + processing
- 5Which RNA polym. is carried out in the ___?All (3) of them; nucleus
- 6For accuracy to begin initiation, RNA polym. needs these _ sequences?A core promoter + upstream control element
- 7The core promoter contains what?The startpoint
- 8RNA polym. _, needs _ components in the core promoter2; 4
- 9The DNA sequences found in core promotor elements - in 5' - 3'order (including startpoint)Trans.Fact.2B recognition element ->TATA box ->Initiator (has startpoint) -> downst, prom. element
- 10BRE is short for?Transcription Factor 2B
- 11(2) types of core promoters for RNA polym. _TATA-driven + Downst.prom.Elem.-driven
- 12TATA-driven promoters must have ___ + ____, but may not have ___.Initiator + TATA box with/without BRE
- 13DPE-driven promoters must have __ + ___Initiator + DPE
- 14The core promoter w/o help can do what?Transcription a small amount
- 15Increase promotors needs more ____ ____, which does what?Control elements; can do promote more effiecitenly
- 16Proximal promoter elements are how far form startpoint?100-200 nucleotides
- 17RNA polym. _ uses only what?Down stream promoters
- 18RNA polym. _ uses () types of promoters: ____ + __ ___3; 2; tRNA + 5S RNA
- 19tRNA promoters has what?consensus box A + B
- 205S promoters has what?consensus box A + C
- 21A general transcription factor is known as...?Basal transcription factor
- 22Basal transcrip. factors is what?a protein needs by RNA polym. 2
- 23What's the job of basal transcrip. factor?To help RNa polym. 2 bind to promoter--> initiate transcrip. (no matter the genes present)
- 24What is needed transcribe nuclear genes?General transcription factors
- 25RNA polym. _ makes ____ from what?1; Ribosomes from ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
- 26RNA polym. _ makes these (2) things and where?2; small nucleic RINA + per-RNA; in nucleus
- 27RNA polym. _ is responsible for ___ genes.3; nuclear
- 28Before RNA polym. binds, what needs to be made and bound to first>Transcription complex
- 29How is the transcription complex formed?Transcription factors coming to "stage" @ right time
- 30Where does transcrip. factors bind to ?TATA box-building around core promoter sequence
- 31Which transcription factor "activates" the transcription-giving off ___?TB2H; ATP
- 32RNA polym. _ is terminated by a (__) protein ______ signal sequence1; 18; nucleotide;
- 33RNA polym. _ is terminated by a ____ sequence of this nucleotide.3; short; U's
- 34RNA polym. _ is terminated by getting ___ to form a ____ _ ____.Cut; poly A tail
- 35Where is RNA polym. _ terminal sequence?10-35 nucleotides downstream of A's + U's
- 36New RNA that has just been transcribed are?Primary transcript, pre-rRNA, being made into mature rRNA
- 37How is a rRNA made?Cut spacers from precursor + paste those segments together
- 38Where is rRNA made?in the nucleolus @ nucleolus organizer region
- 39Who helps RNA poly. _ make the rRNA?1; small nucleolar RNAs
- 40tRNa is made from?the precursor pre-tRNA
- 41While tRNA is being edited, what chemical changes are seen?Methylation, creation
- 42In the ____, mRNA is _____ + in the ____, it's _____.nucleus; transcribed; cytoplasm; translated
- 43Each mRNA codes for (_) ____.1; Polypeptide
- 44Mature mRNA has a _' cap made of what + where is linked to?5; methylated guanosine; 5' end of mRNA
- 45The purpose of the 5' cap on the _RNA.m; to stabilize the strand + prevent it from degrading + position properly on ribosome
- 46mRNA has ____ _ ____ connect to 3' end.poly A tail
- 47What is the poly A tail made of?Adenine;
- 48How is the poly A tail added?By the enzy. polyA polymerase
- 49The cell make 100's of copies of _RNA- why?t; make sure there is enough to spare
- 50What is a ribosome made of?Mature rRNA + protein
- 51Where is the poly A tail attached to?3' end of mRNA after 10-35 nucleotides sequence
- 52The purpose of the poly A tail?2nd level of protection + mRNA is known by ribosomes + proteins know mRNA needs to leave nucleus
- 53What is taken out of mRNA?Introns
- 54What is found in mature RNA?Exons + a poly A tail + a 5' cap
- 55Who takes out introns?Spliceosomes, enzymes
- 56Who wraps up introns + takes them away while pasting exons together?snRNPs, RNA-protein complexes
- 57How does splicing take place?snRNPs see each of the ends of intron where they must bind to