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Ch. 2 Ancient Mesopotamia & Egypt

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1MesopotamiaLand " between the 2 rivers
2SumeriansThe creators of the Mesopotamian civilization
3PolytheisticBeliefs in many gods
4ZigguratTemple was often built atop a massive stepped tower
5TheocracyGovernment by divine authority
6CuneiformSystem of writing
7Hammurbi' s Law codeHis code, a collection of 282 laws and standards, stipulated rules for commercial interactions and set fines and punishments to meet the requirements of justice.
8PatriarchalMen dominated the society
9Nile RiverBegin in the heart of Africa & courses northward for more than 4,000 miles. ( 6,436 Km )
10InundationAnnual Floding of the Nile River
11CataractsWaterfalls along the Nile River
12King MenesUntied Upper & Lower Egypt into single kingdom & created the first royal dynasty
13DynastyFamily of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family
14VizierThe steward of the whole land
15PharaohOriginally meaning " great house " or " palace " eventually became the most common
16SiltRich, black soil left behind by the yearly flood
17Mummificationprocess of slowly drying a dead boby to prevent it form rotting
18"Ba +"Ka"ancient Egyptians believed that a human soul was made up of five parts: the Ren, the Ba, the Ka, the Sheut, and the Ib. In addition to these components of the soul there was the human body
19Canopic JarsA jar in which the ancient Egyptians preserved the viscera of a deceased person usually for burial with the mummy.
20Great PyramindKing Khufu construted at Giza around 2540 B.C covers 13 acres (5.3 ha ) , measures 756 feet ( 230 m) at each side of its base, & stands 481ft (147 m)
21KIng Khufuearly 26th century B.C., king of Egypt: builder of the great pyramid at Giza. Also called Khufu.
22SphinxAn ancient Egyptian figure of an imaginary creature having the body of a lion and the head of a human or sometimes an animal. b. (usu. cap.) the colossal recumbent stone figure of this kind near the pyramids of Giza.
23Old KingdomOld Kingdom (2686–2181 BC) the name given to the period in the 3rd millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization
24Middle Kingdoma period of stability lasted from about 2055 b.c. -1650 B.C., Egyptians later portrayed the Middle Kingdom as a golden age of stability
25New KingdomEstablished & lasted approximately from 1550 B.C. to 1070 B.C.
26Queen HatshepsutOne of the first women to become pharaoh - built the great temple at Deir el-Balhri ,near Thebes
27SarcophagusAmong the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians, a limestone coffin or tomb, often inscribed and elaborately ornamented
28King Khufu's Boat
29HieroglyphicsNow mainly used to refer to the system of writing used by the ancient Egyptians.
30Great SphinxOf Egypt is a colossal statue, possibly the oldest in the world
31HyksosCoined by Manetho to identify the Fifteenth Dynasty of Asiatic rulers of northern Egypt. In Egyptian Hyksos means "ruler(s) of foreign countries", however, Josephus mistranslated Hyksos as "Shepherd Kings".
32Akhenaten(aka Amenhotep)rejected the traditional reiligion in favor of workshiping the Aten, or sun disc, after whom he renamed himsrelf. He closed all the temples of old gods andw obilterated their names from monuments
33King Tut ( Tutankhamen)17 year old boy whose tomb survived untouched ny grave robbes, more then 3,000 artifacts discovered in his tomb
34Ramses IIRamses the Great reignted 67 years, fathered over 100 childern, defeated the Hittites, the other superpower of ancient times, he declared himself a living god
35Fertile Cresecentis the region in the Middle East which curves, like a quarter-moon shape, from the Persian Gulf, through modern-day southern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and northern Egypt
36The Great Pyramidlargest of the 3 pyramid at Giza , built by king Khufu , only monumet of the 7 Wonders of Ancient World to survive
37The Rosetta StoneStone with writing on it in 2 languages ( Egyptain & Greek), using 3 scripts
38Papyrusreed like plant that grows on the Nile River Ancient Egyptains used to write on
39Cultural DSpreading of ideas from one culture to another