Flashcards
Lecture 14 (CH8 )
Cards in this deck (40)
- 1Do viruses have enzymes ?No, this is why they need a host cell for protein synthesis or energy production.
- 2Once a virus takes over a host cell, what does it do?Uses cellular machinery to produce VIRAL ENZYMES and OTHER COMPONENTS. ( turns cell into factory for making more viruses)
- 3BacteriophagesViruses that infect bacteria
- 4How do bacteriophage viruses carry there genome?almost all DsDNA
- 5General structure of viruscomplex "head and tail" assembly
- 6Most common phages of E.Coli"T-even" and "lambda" phages
- 7which animal,plant and bacterial viruses are the simplest?Bacterial virus
- 8Bacteriophage: Lytic CyclePhage causes lysis and death of host bacterium as it replicates. (VIRULENT) phages
- 9Examples of Lytic Cycle phagesT-Even phages (t2 and t4 most commonly)
- 10Bacteriophage: Lysogenic Cyclephage INCORPORATES Nucleic Acid into host cell chromosome and remains DORMANT
- 11Example of Lysogenic Cycle phagePhage Lambda (Temperate Phages)
- 12Stages of Lytic Cycle (to get ABMR)'sAPBMR
- 13Attachmentsites bacteriophage tail fibers attach to receptor sites on bacterium
- 14PenetrationsTail sheath contracts to force the tail core through the cell wall and phage DNA enters the cell (CAPSID REMAINS OUTSIDE)
- 15BiosynthesisTranscription, Translation and replication of viral DNA
- 16MaturationNew phage DNA and capsids are assembled into virions
- 17ReleasePhage Lysozyme destroys cell wall, CELL BURSTS, new virions are released
- 18Stages of Lysogenic Cycle1.Attachment
2.Penetration
3.Viral DNa recombines with Bactierial chromosome to form prophage
4.Prophage replicates with Bacterial DNA, until adverse environment triggers it to excise itself - 19How do viruses recognize appropriate cells?They have a specific range/ type of cells they can infect
- 20How is a viruses range determined?Viral attachment proteins and host cell receptor molecules
- 21Are host cell receptors important?They are critical for cellular function (completely excluding viruses) Cant easily eliminate these for infections.
- 22Receptor of HIV(retroviridae)CD4 ( immune cell interactions)
- 23Receptor of T2 (myoviridae)Ompf(Transmembrane channel)
- 24Only portion of Phage that matters?phage attachment proteins
- 254 different ways viruses can attach to cells1. Bacteriophage
2. Enveloped Virus
3. Non-enveloped virus (adenovirus)
4. Non-enveloped virus (poliovirus) - 26Bacteriophage structure
- 27Enveloped virus structure
- 28Non enveloped virus structure
- 29Non-enveloped virus structure
- 30Strain specificity and Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV)BALB/c STRONG WITH Bgp1a
SJL weak interaction - 31How do viruses enter host cells and uncoatafter attachment, mechanishms of viral entry vary depending on the type of virus and host cell/organism
- 32Replication cycle:Entrymost important part of viral replication cycle, mechanisms depend on host cells
- 33Animal viruses vs Plant, Fungal and Bacterial virusesdon't have to contend with a cell wall structure
- 34Rhinovirus (endocytosis) NO ENVELOPE1.Attach
2.Endocytosis
3. Endosome encapsulates virus
4. nucleocapsid escapes cytoplasm and uncoats to release genome
- 35HIV - Membrane Fusion WITH HOST CELL P.M1.attach
2. change in attachment protein and bond receptor, initiates MEMBRANE FUSION.
3. Viral envelope fuses with P.M
4. Nucleocapsid enters cytoplasm and uncoats to release genome
- 36Influenze ( endocytosis and vesicle membrane fusion)1.attachment
2. Endocytosis is initiated
3.endsome forms encapsulating virus
4.(ACIDIFICATION) low pH of endosome initiates fusion of viral envelope with endosome membrane, NUCLEOCAPSIDS ARE RELEASED
- 37Replication of Viruses in Plantsoften depends on damage to plant tissues to open a spot in the cell wall
- 38Factors that allow viruses in plants to spread-Insect feeding on plants
-wind damage
-hail/rain damage
-fire damage
- human-induced damage - 39Replication cycle : entry into bacteria
- 40Viral uncoating(how the genome is released by nucleocapsid)
Nucleic Acid separating from the proteins
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- Biology Flashcards on Lecture 14 (CH8 ), created by Michael Maresco on 08/04/2019.
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- Michael Maresco
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