Flashcards
AQA Triple Science C3 Unit 3 Chemistry
Cards in this deck (95)
- 1How did Newland and Mendeleev arrange the elements?By atomic mass
- 2What do the groups contain?Elements with similar properties.
- 3Why was the atomic mass order incorrect?Some elements were in inappropriate groups for their properties.
- 4What did Mendeleev do that was innovative?Left gaps for undiscovered elements.
- 5How have elements been ordered since the early 20th century?By the atomic number (proton number)
- 6What is important about elements found in the same group?They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
- 7What are elements in group 1 called?Alkali Metals
- 8What is the charge of group 1 metal ions?+1
- 9What type of compounds are formed from group 1 elements reacting with non-metals?Ionic compounds
- 10What colour are group 1 salts?White
- 11What colour are group 1 salt solutions?Colourless
- 12What are the products when group 1 elements are reacted with water?Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
- 13How does reactivity change down group 1? And why does it change like this?Increases, because the outer electron is more easily lost.
- 14How does the melting point change down group 1 elements?Gets lower.
- 15Give three differences between transition metals and group 1 elements.Transition metals have a higher boiling point (except from mercury).
Transition metals are stronger and harder.
Transition metals are less reactive. - 16What colour are transition metal salts?Various colours
- 17Give a use for transition metals.Catalysts
- 18What are group 7 elements called?Halogens
- 19What charge is on halide ions?-1
- 20How does reactivity change down group 7? And why does it change like this?It decreases, because it becomes harder to gain an electron to complete a full outer shell.
- 21How does the melting point change down group 7?it increases.
- 22What is formed when soft water reacts with soap?Lather
- 23What is formed when hard water reacts with soap?Scum
- 24Which ions cause hard water?Ca 2+ and Mg 2+
- 25How do these ions get into the water?The compounds are dissolved when water comes into contact with rocks.
- 26What are the 2 types of hard water?Temporary and permanent.
- 27How can we get rid of temporary hardness?Boil the water
- 28What ions are in temporary hard water?Hydrogen carbonate (HCO3)
- 29What ions are formed when hydrocarbonate ions decompose?Carbonate ions.
- 30What are formed when calcium and magnesium react with carbonate ions?Precipitates
- 31why does hard water increase cost?More soap is needed
- 32What is formed when temporary hard water is boiled?Limescale
- 33How does limescale affect appliances?Reduces their efficiency.
- 34Give 2 benefits of hard water.Good for teeth and bones.
And
Reduces heart disease - 35Give two ways hard water can be softened.Add sodium carbonate to precipitate the ions.
OR
An ion exchange column. - 36What do water filters contain?Carbon, silver and ion exchange resins.
- 37What is added to water to improve dental health?Fluoride ions
- 38Why is chlorine added to water?To kill microbes.
- 39How else can water be purified?Distillation
- 40How can we measure the amount of energy released by a reaction?Calorimetry ( heating in a glass or metal container).
- 41What is the equation used to calculate tje amount of energy?q=mc∆t
q=energy transferr
m=mass,g,
c=specific heat capacity, j/g
∆t= change in temperature - 42In what unit is energy measured in?Joules
- 43For what reactions can this be used for?Reactions with solids and and neutralisation reactions.
- 44Which type of reaction has reactants of higher energy than its products?Exothermic.
- 45What type of reaction has products at a higher energy than the reactants?Endothermic
- 46What process in a reaction needs energy to be supplied?Bond breaking
- 47During which process in a reaction is energy released?Bond forming
- 48What makes a reaction exothermic?Energy released from forming bonds is greater than the energy needed to break the bonds.
- 49What makes a reaction endothermic?Energy needed to break the bonds is greater than the energy released from forming bonds.
- 50How do catalysts work?They provide a different pathway with a lower activation energy.
- 51What is produced when hydrogen burns in air?Water
- 52For what can this reaction be used for?combustion engines and fuel cells to produce electricity for vehicles.
- 53what is the flame colour for potassium?Lilac
- 54What is the flame colour for calcium?Red
- 55Which ions give White precipitates with sodium hydroxide?Aluminium, calcium and magnesium
- 56Which ion's precipitate re-dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide?Aluminium
- 57What colour precipitate is the Fe(II) precipitate?Green
- 58What is formed when carbonates react with an acid ?Salt, carbon dioxide and water
- 59What is the test for carbon dioxide?Bubble through limestone, which turns cloudy.
- 60What is used to test for halides?Silver nitrate solution with nitric acid.
- 61What is the colour for chloride?White
- 62What is the colour for bromide?Cream
- 63What is the colour for Iodide?Yellow
- 64What is used to test for sulphate ions?Barium chloride with dilute hydrochloric acid.
- 65How do we measure the amount of acid and alkali in a reaction?using titration and a suitable indicator.
- 66For what do we use titration results?To calculate the concentration of one reactant from the knowledge of the other concentration.
- 67What are the raw materials for the Haber process?Nitrogen and hydrogen
- 68Where does nitrogen come from?The air(fractional distillation)
- 69Where does the hydrogen come from?Methane (natural gas) or other sources
- 70What catalyst is used?Iron
- 71What temperature is usedAbout 450 degrees Celsius (high)
- 72What pressure is used?200 atmospheres (high)
- 73What is the main problem with the reaction?it is reversible
- 74What happens to the ammonia?Liquified and removed
- 75What happens to the nitrogen and hydrogen?Recycled
- 76When is equilibrium reached?When the reactions occur at the exact same rate.
- 77What happens to the yield of ammonia at high temperatures?Decreases as the endothermic reaction takes place more due to taking in the heat.
- 78What happens to the yield of ammonia at high pressures?Increases as the reaction favours the direction producing the least molecules.
- 79What else needs to be considered when looking for optimum conditions for industrial reactions?The rate of reactions.
- 80What is the functional groups of alcohols?-OH groups
- 81What are the first three alcohols?Methanol, ethanol, propanol
- 82Give three properties of alcohols.Dissolve in water to produce a neutral solution.
React with sodium to produce hydrogen.
Burn in air. - 83Give two uses of alcohols.Fuels and solvents
- 84Which alcohol is found in alcoholic drinks?Ethanol
- 85What reaction changes ethanol into ethanoic acid?Oxidation
- 86What is ethanoic acid?Vinegar
- 87What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?-COOH
- 88Give three properties of carboxylic acids.Dissolve in water to give acidic solutions.
React with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide.
React with alcohols to produce esters. - 89What is used as a catalyst in an esterification reaction?Acid
- 90Why are carboxylic acid weak acids?They do not ionise completely when dissolved in water.
- 91Do weak acids have a higher or lower pH value?Higher
- 92Which ester is produced from ethanol and etahnoic acid?Ethyl ethanoate
- 93What is the functional group of esters?-COO-
- 94Give 2 properties of esters.Volatile and distinctive smell
- 95For what are esters used?Flavourings and perfumes.
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- Flashcards on AQA Triple Science C3 Unit 3 Chemistry, created by d s on 11/04/2015.
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