Flashcards
Bio Exam 2
Cards in this deck (36)
- 1Speciesa group of individuals that interbreed and produce fertile offspring
- 2Morphological SpeciesCategorizing species based off physical similarities
- 3Drawback to Morphological Species-Species can have a lot of physical variation (ie dogs)
-Subjective
- Two organisms can look the same but be different species (ie American fish Eagle and bald eagles) - 4Biological Species Conceptmechanisms that stop breeding between populations
- 5Prezygotic isolation- different breeding seasons
- "parts dont match"
-sperm cant fertilize egg (zygote doesnt form)
- different habitats - 6Postzygotic Isolation- Zygote doesn't develop into a fetus
- Offspring is infertile
-Offspring dies in infancy - 7Drawbacks to Bio Species concept- not all species reproduce sexually
- doesn't work with fossils - 8Phylogenetic Species ConceptIdentifies species based off ancestors by using synapomorphies (a trait present in ancestor & descendant species) and looking for changes in DNA
- 9Monophyletic GroupAn ancestor and all of its descendants
- 10Drawbacks to Phylogenetic Species ConceptExpensive & time consuming
- 11Allopatrya way speciation can occur, Genetic/geographic isolation of a group
- 12DispersalForm of allopatry- group leaves population
- 13VicarianceForm of allopatry: physical splitting of a habitat forming isolated subgroups of a population
- 14Sympatric Speciation- speciation that occurs within the same geographical area (does not require geographical isolation)
- happens via disruptive selection - 15Sympatric Speciation via Disruptive Selectioncaused by external (ecological niches) and internal events (chromosome mutation), starts with one species splitting into two groups, adopting different morphology and behavior, and eventually becoming two different species
- 16Secondary ContactWhen isolated species come into contact (mate)
- 17ReinforcementHybrids do not survive, species continues to diverge
- 18FusionReproductive barriers weaken, species become one
- 19StabilitySpecies continues to produce fertile hybrids, don't fuse
- 20Phylogenetic TreesA simplified diagram of a species's history
- 21CladesOrganisms on the same group on the tree
- 22Monophyletic Group vs Non-Monophyletic GroupA group that shares a recent common ancestor
- 23HomoplasyTraits that that look similar due to independent evolution, rather than common ancestry (homology)
- 24Reversala reversal in character state, making it look like no change occurred
- 25Complication 3A species may have a trait that would put them in one species, and another trait that would put them in another
- 26ParsimonyAssumes that the most likely pattern requires the least change
- 27Evolutionary DistanceDetermines which tree best aligns with data
- 28Maximum likelihoodAnalyzes molecular data sets to find most likely tree
- 29Convergent EvolutionCommon cause of homoplasy, independent evolution of similar traits in distantly related species
- occurs when there are similar environmental pressures - 30TaxonomyClassification system to classify animals into specific categories
- 31SubspeciesOn their way to becoming their way to becoming their own
- 32MicroevolutionEvolutionary change in small group of a species (ex; allele frequency change)
- 33MacroevolutionLarge scale (ex; adaptive radiation, extinction, ecological niches)
- 34Adaptive RadiationRapid production of descendant species, increasing species diversity due to habitat changes (extrinsic) and/or evolution of traits (intrinsic)
- 35Mass ExtinctionRapid destruction of a large number of species
- 36Background Extinctionlower average rate of extinction (1 in 1,000,000 species a year)
Information
- Description
- Biology Flashcards on Bio Exam 2, created by Aya Baba on 01/03/2023.
- Created by
- Aya Baba
- Views
- 1
- Tags
- Rating