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Flashcards

Joints

Carly Baldwin Anatomy and Physiology English 73 cards

Joints

Cards in this deck (73)

  1. 1What is a joint?Where two bones meet together and where body movement occurs.
  2. 2What are the structural classifications of a joint?Fibrous, Cartilaginous,Bony, and Synovial.
  3. 3SynathrosisImmovable Joint
  4. 4AmphiarthrosisSlightly Moveable Joint
  5. 5DiarthrosisFreely Movable Joint
  6. 6What is synarthrosis joint?Very strong, edges of bone may touch or interlock, fibrous or cartilaginous
  7. 7Four types of Synarthrotic JointsSuture, Gomphosis, Synchondrosis, Synostosis
  8. 8(Synarthrosis) Suture?Fibrous (skull)
    Found only between skull bones
    Edges of bones interlock
    Bound by dense fibrous connective tissue
  9. 9(Synarthrosis) GomphosisFibrous (teeth)
    Binds teeth to bony sockets
    Fibrous connection (periodontal ligament)
  10. 10(Synarthrosis) SynchondrosisCartilaginous (vertebrosternal and manubrium)
    Cartilaginous bridge between 2 bons
    Between ribs and sternum
    Epiphyseal plate of growing long bones
  11. 11(Synarthrosis) SynostasisRare, Bony (Frontal lobe)
    Created when 2 bones fuse
    Ex: metopic suture of frontal bone
    Epiphyseal lines of mature long bones
  12. 12AmphiarthrosisMore movable than a synarthrosis
    Two types of amphiarthrosis:
    Syndesmosis—bones connected by a ligament
    Ex: ulna-radius, tibia-fibula
    Symphysis—bones connected by fibrocartilage
    Ex: pubic symphysis: both pelvic bones meet
  13. 13Synovial Joints (Diarthrosis)Freely moveable
    @ Ends of long bones
    Surrounded by joint capsule (articular capsule) - secretes fluid & provides movement
  14. 14—Synovial Joint , saggital sectionSynovial Joint , saggital section
  15. 15—Knee Joint, saggital sectionKnee Joint, saggital section
  16. 16Synovial Fluid?Consistency of egg yolk
    Contains proteoglycans
    Functions: Lubrication, Nutrient Distribution, Shock Absorption
  17. 17Articular CartilidgeCovers articular surfaces
    Prevents direct contact b/ween bones
    Allows for joints to move smoothly b/ween each other
    Made up of Hyaline cartilidge
  18. 18What accessory structures stabilize Synovial Joints?Cartilages and fat pads
    Ligaments
    Tendons
    Bursae
  19. 19CartilagesMeniscus: C- shaped
    - Fibrocartilage pad between opposing bones
    - Acts as shock absorbant
  20. 20Fat PadsAdipose tissue covered by synovial membrane
    Protect articular cartilage
  21. 21Function of LigamentsSupport and strengthen joints
    Fibrous Connective tissues
    Appears as criss-cross band
  22. 22Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)stabilize knee joints, connects femur to tibia
  23. 23Medial collateral ligament(MCL):run medial of knee joint. Connects femur to tibia as well
  24. 24Lateral collateral ligament(LCL):runs lateral of knee joint: also connects femur to fibula
  25. 25Posterior cruciate ligament(PCL):ligament located posterior to the knee, connect femur to tibia
  26. 26TendonsAttach to muscles around joints
    Ex: Gastrocnemius (calf muscle) to Achilles Tendon
    Ex: Rotator Cuff
  27. 27BursaeSmall pockets of synovial fluid
    Cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub against other tissues
  28. 28Subcutaneous bursaefound between skin and bone
  29. 29Submuscular bursaebetween muscle and bone, prevents rubbing of muscle
  30. 30Subtendinous bursaefound in tendon and bone
  31. 31Subacromial bursa/subscapular bursa1)protecting the underlying supraspinatus muscle from attrition wear between the humeral head and the acromion
  32. 32Inflammation of Bursa Causes?Results in pain, swelling, joint stiffness
    Ex: Trochanter bursitis’s: swelling of the hip
    Chronic: requires steroids/anti-inflammatory
    Acute: short period
    All due to overuse or arthri
  33. 33Gliding MovementWhen two flat surfaces or slightly curved surfaces slide/twist past each other
    Example: between carpal bones, between tarsal bones(ankle, sternoclavicular joint( sternum and clavicle meet)
  34. 34Angular movement (anterior-posteror plane)Flexion: Decreases angle between articulating bones
    Extension: Increases angle between articulating bones
    Hyperextension:Extension past anatomical position
  35. 35Angular Movement (frontal plane)Abduction: movement away from longitudinal axis/away from the midline of the body
    Adduction: movement toward longitudinal axis/towards the body/midline
  36. 36CircumductionA complete circular movement without rotation
  37. 37PronationRotates forearm so that radius rolls across ulna
    Results in palm facing posteriorly/facing down
  38. 38SupinationTurns palm anteriorly/facing up
    Forearm is in anatomical position
  39. 39Special movement of foot (4)Inversion- twists foot medially
    Eversion- twists foor laterally
    Dorsiflexion- flexion at ankle (lifting toes)or pointing toes up
    Plantar Flexion- extension at ankle or pointing toes downward
  40. 40Plane joint (gliding)Flattened or slightly curved surfaces
    Limited motion, allows inversion/eversion of foot
    Ex: carpal,tarsals, clavicle, acromion
  41. 41Hinge JointAngular motion
    Convex shape & Concave shape
    Allows flexion/extension movements
    Ex: Trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
  42. 42Condylar Joint (ellipsoid)Shallow depression & rounded structure
    Allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction movement
    Ex: joints of toes,knuckes, fingers
    Ex: distal end of radius articulates w/ scaphoid,lunate, and triquetrum
  43. 43Saddle JointArticular faces fit together like a rider in a saddle
    Allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction movement
    Ex:sternoclavicular joint
    Ex: trapezium & 1st metacarpal bone
  44. 44Pivot JointRotation only
    EX: c1-c2 vertebrae
  45. 45Ball-and-Socket JointRound head in a cup-shaped depression
    Ex:shoulder and hip joints
    -head of femur articulates w/acetabulum
    -head of humerus articulates w/glenoid cavity/fossa
  46. 46RheumatismPain and stiffness in musculoskeletal system/tendons, bones, ligaments
  47. 47Arthritis (joint inflammation)All rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints
  48. 48OsteoarthritisCaused by wear and tear of joint surfaces,or genetic factos affecting collagen formation
    Generallu affects ppl over 60
  49. 49Gouty ArthritisCrystals of uric acid form within synovial fluid
    Pain, swelling, redness
  50. 50Bulging DiscInvades vertebral canal
  51. 51Herniated DiscCompressed spinal nerves
  52. 52Humero-ulnar jointLargest, strongest joint at elbow
    Btwn trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
    Limited movement
  53. 53Humero-radial jointSmaller joint
    Articulation btwn capitulum of humerus and head of radius
  54. 54Ulnar collateral ligamentMedial epicondyle of humerus and attaches to the medial side of ulna
    Prevents hyperextension
  55. 55Radial collateral ligamentLateral epicondyle of humerus and along with the annular ligament allows rotation during supination and pronation
  56. 56Femoropatellar jointBtwn patella and femur
    Ligaments surrounding this joint
  57. 57Medial tibiofemoral joint/lateral tibiofemoral jointFound on btwn the medial and lateral condyles of the femus and tibia at medial lateral condyles
    Allows for flexion and extension
  58. 58Patellar ligamenBranches from the base of the patella into the tibia
  59. 59What is function of knee joint?Complex hinge joint
    Largest Joint
    Transfers weight from femus to tibia
    Three Articulations
    (three above)
  60. 60Function of Medial and Lateral MenisciC-Shaped made up of fibrocartilige
    Attach to the tibial
    Padding
    Stabilize Joint
    Lack of blood supply results in slow healing processes
  61. 61Fibular/lateral collateral ligamentLocated on the lateral side of the knee from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral side of the fibular
  62. 62Tibial/Medial collateral ligamentRuns medial to the knee from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial side of the tibia
  63. 63Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) & Posteriors cruciate ligament(PCL)ligaments that run anteriorly and posteriorly to the knee (form x-shape as they cross each other)
    PCL: strong, supports knee during flexed, carry's the weight as the individual walks, keeps knee from shifting and sliding
    ACL: prevents hyperextension of knee
  64. 64Glenohumeral JointBall and Socket
    btwn head of humerus and glenoid cavity/fossa of scapula
    greatest range of motion of any joint
    most frequently dislocated joint
  65. 65^Glenoid Labrum/ Articular capsuleGlenoid labrum: found around the margin if shoulder(fibrocartilige) allows stabilization when the humerus moves on the glenoid
    Articular Capsule: surrounds the glenohumeral joint provides range of motion
  66. 66Coracohumeral ligamentCoracoid process to the anterior portion of your humerus
    Strengthen upper capsule
  67. 67Glenohumeral ligament3 of them and help strengthen the capsule walls
    Stabilize shoulders superior, middle, and inferior
  68. 68Rotator CuffFusion of four muscle along with their tendons/structure support
    Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis
    S:adbsuction produces 15 degrees of movement and then deltoid and traps kick in
    I:lateral rotation, back of shoulder
    T:below l, lateral rotation of arm
    Subs: stornger, medial rotation in front of upper arm
    Subacromial/subscapular bursa: prevent friction of cuff and scapula
  69. 69Sternoclavicular jointbtwn manubrium of sternum and clavicle bone
    allows coordination of upper limb movements, and allows upper arm a full range of motion
  70. 70Acromioclavicular jointbtwn acromion and clavicle
    plane joint
    allows range of motion of the scapula, and also aids in shoulder abduction and flexion
  71. 71Acetabular labrumRim of fibrocartilage
    Increases depth of joint cavity
    Seals in synovial fluid
  72. 72Iliofemoral ligamentStrongest ligament
    Prevents Hyperextension
  73. 73Pubofemoral ligamentPrevents excess abduction and extension

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Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards on Joints, created by Carly Baldwin on 21/06/2024.
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Carly Baldwin
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