Flashcards
Genes, The Genetic Code, DNA and Chromosomes
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1What is a Gene?A gene is a section of DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence in a polypeptide chain and functional rRNA and tRNA
- 2The point where a gene is fixed to on a DNA molecule is called a ________Locus
- 3How many different amino acids are there that are commonly found in living organisms?20
- 4How many bases (in DNA) are there? Name them in their complementary pairs. ((E.g/ Base 1 and Base 2))There are 4 bases:
-Adenine and Thymine
- Cytosine and Guanine - 5How many bases code for one amino acid? What is the scientific name for these set of bases?3 Bases which is commonly known as a triplet
- 6Name the three features of the genetic code.Degenerate
Non-Overlapping
Universal - 7The Genetic Code is Universal (mostly), what does this mean?Universal means that the same triplets code for the same amino acid in all organisms, this is indirect evidence for evolution!
- 8The Genetic code is also Degenerate, what does this mean?The code being degenerate means that most amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet
- 9The genetic code is non-overlapping, what does this mean?It means that each base is only read once
- 10Within genes, there are non-coding regions, what could these be?Introns
Stop/start codes
Multiple repeats - 11Within genes, what are the coding regions called?Exons
- 12Name 4 facts about Prokaryotic DNA1) Circular
2) Shorter
3) Not associated with proteins
4) Prokaryotes DON'T have chromosomes - 13Name 4 facts about Eukaryotic DNA1) Linear
2) Longer
3) Associated with proteins
4) Eukaryotes DO have chromosomes - 14Name the protein associated with the structure of Chromosomes and DNAHistones
- 15Which two organelles contain DNA? (Apart from the nucleus/nucleolus)Mitochondria and Chloroplasts, however although these are found Eukaryotic cells, they contain DNA similar to prokaryotic DNA
- 16Vaguely describe how to structure of a chromosome occurs1) DNA is in a double helix
2) Helix is wound around Histones that hold it in position
3) DNA-Histone complex is then further coiled
4) Coil is further looped and then coiled and packed into a chromosome - 17How many molecules of DNA does a chromosome contain?1 Molecule
- 18What is the name for a chromosome from a mother?Maternal Chromosome
- 19What is the name for a chromosome from a father?Paternal Chromosome
- 20What is a homologous pair?A homologous pair is a pair of chromosomes, one maternal, one paternal, that are similar but not identical
- 21Homologous pairs are not identical, why is this?It is because even though they have the same genes in the same positions, they don't have the same alleles (versions of a gene). For example, both the maternal and paternal chromosomes will have the GENE for eye colour, but the maternal chromosome might have the ALLELE for brown eyes and the paternal chromosome might have the ALLELE for blue eyes.
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- Set of Flashcards for: 'Genes, The Genetic Code, DNA and Chromosomes' based on my Mindmap '8.1-8.2 Genes, The Genetic Code, DNA and Chromosomes' which is based on the AQA specification and also on the AQA Biology 2nd Edition AS and A level textbook
- Created by
- Bee Brittain
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