Flashcards
Intelligence: Animal intelligence
Cards in this deck (10)
- 1A01: theory of mind-around age 4 children begin to realise that people have mental states inc. beliefs and desires
-then they begin to 'mind read'
-by adulthood we explain the behaviour of others continually on the basis of their thoughts and feelings
-Baron-Cohen 1995 argue that this evolved to help us with social stimuli and behaviour
-the first test of theory of mind is self-recognition, to know the mental state of others, must be aware they have a 'self' - 2A01: machiavellian intelligence: byrne and whitenforming alliances
manipulation and deception
-individuals able to use and exploit others in their social group without causing aggression would be favoured.
-this Machiavellian intelligence may appear cooperative but ultimately, its selfish - 3machiavellian: stanfordstudied 44 chimps for 22 months
-they withheld meat until they mated
-swollen ones (more fertile) were more likely to get meat
-hunting more common when females were fertile - 4woodruff and premack 1979-developed the original ToM test with chimps
-4 chimps
-observed a trainer hide food
-introduced them to a 'co-operator' man (chimp had seen him act friendly) and a 'competitive' man (chimp had seen him act hostile)
test: show co-operator where the food is and they will be given food
show competitor empty container
-all chimps past test. knew competitor wouldn't give food
-evidence that chimps could work out the intent and use deception. showing Tom and Machiavellian intelligence - 5frans de waal 1989-observed captive chimps
-dominant chimps watched the lower ranking males and fertile females
-however, one 'dandy' would often meet up with the female behind rocks and bushes when she was fertile
-they would pretend to eat
-dandy would inhibit the normal mating shrieks - 6self recognition: pearce 2008reviewed evidence
-behaviour seems to indicate that several species can recognise themselves in mirrors
-chimps only show they can recognise themselves at age 4. before 4, they just touch the spot on the mirror
however, we dont now if this means the chimps dont understand what a mirror is - 7plotnik4 stages
1: social behaviour- they think its a stranger, may act aggressively
2: test- moving to see if it does the same thing
3: self-directed behaviour- may check themselves out, look at their own face (beginning to recognise its them)- mouths or tusks
4: mark test- if they bump into it then may be confused, if they try to rub it off, then they now its them - 8gallupanaesthetised chimps, then put a mark on their head.
-then when they came around, put him/her in front of a mirror, they did respond to it- valid - 9IDA: ethical issues-if animals are intelligent, this suggests a certain level of conciousness, for example, feel and understand pain
-raises questions for ethics of animal testing - 10—
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- A-Level Intelligence Flashcards on Intelligence: Animal intelligence, created by Veton Vishka on 29/03/2016.
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- Veton Vishka
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