Flashcards
Test # 2 Review
Cards in this deck (57)
- 1Laurentia is the name for the ancient Scandinavian paleocontinetny. True or False?False
- 2List four specific, natural factors that can result in the extinction of species.Diseases, predation, sea level change, climate change, competition, impact events.
- 3Explain two hypotheses for the origin of the MoonAccretion Hypothesis: The Moon accreted from the dust and debris that orbited early-Earth as rings.
Collision Hypothesis: A Mars-sized object collided with Earth; The debris coalesced into the moon. - 4The fossil record is dominated by what 3 groups of organisms?Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Plantae - 5The supercontinent cycle is called what?Wilson Cycle
- 6During the Ordovician, marine biodiversity is what, compared with the Cambrian?Higher
- 7What's the difference between filter feeders and deposit feeders?Filter feeders filter the water for tiny food particles.
Deposit feeders eat bulk sediments and their digestive system absorbs the nutrients. - 8During the Archean, Earth's early air had very little to no free oxygen gas. True or False?True
- 9Which are characteristics of the cells of procaryotes?Small cells
Simple cells
Have no nucleus
Have few organelles - 10What were global sea levels like DURING most of the Ordovician?Generally high sea level
- 11What was Earth's climate like DURING most of the Ordovician?Greenhouse climate (warm to hot)
- 12The Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic were times of extensive magmatism (=lots of intrusive igneous rock formation) on Earth. True or False?True
- 13Marine organisms that float up in the water column are called what?Planktonic
- 14What was the general location of Laurentia during the Early Paleozoic and Middle Paleozoic?On to near the equator
- 15Right now, Earth's magnetic North Pole is at the same position as Earth's Geographic North Pole. True or False?False
- 16What three mountain-building events affected eastern North America during the Early and Middle Paleozoic?Taconic Orogeny
Acadian Orogeny
Allegheny Orogeny - 17A family tree that shows evolutionary relationships among different groups of organisms is called what?Phylogeny
- 18What are redbeds?Reddish, hematite-rich siliciclastic sedimentary rocks
- 19Phyletic gradualism refers to evolutionary change in organisms that occurs rapidly after long periods of relative stability (stasis), while punctuated equilibrium refers to slow and gradual evolutionary change. True or False?False
- 20The thick pile of Devonian-aged sediments deposited adjacent tot the ancient Acadian Mountains is called what?Catskill Delta
- 21Briefly explain the Iron Catastrophe.All the iron that was scattered throughout early-Earth got heated. The iron melted and sank to the center of Earth to form the core.
- 22Planet Earth's heat flow during the Archean was what?Higher than now
- 23Closely related organisms that have evolved distinctly different body plans is what?Divergent Evolution
- 24Briefly explain the procaryote symbiosis hypothesisSeveral procaryotes lived together for mutual benefit to form the first eucaryote cell.
- 25What is an organisms who moves around on the seafloor, above the sediments?Benthic, Vagrant, Epifaunal
- 26The Earth's earliest oceans were probably what on the pH scale?Acidic (low pH)
- 27What are small organs that appear to be useless called?Vestigial organs
- 28List the modern landmasses that made up the ancient Gondwana continent?South America, Africa, Australia, Arabia, Antarctica, India, Madagascar
- 29The most commonly preserved fossils in Cambrian rocks are what?Trilobites
- 301) What are Terrestrial planets like? 2) What are Gas/Ice giants like? 3) What are Dwarf planets like?1) Relatively close to the Sun, Rocky composition, Relatively small planets.
2) Large to huge planets, Gaseous composition, Relatively far from the Sun
3) In the Asteroid Belt & in the far-outer Solar System, Rocky or icy composition, Very small planets - 31Bilaterians are all animals having a radial symmetry. True or False?False
- 32What feeding strategy was mainly used by organisms in Ordovician seas?Filter feeding
- 33BIFs and GIFs formed when Earth's atmosphere had what?Essentially no to very little O2 gas
- 34Which of the following formed after a Laurentia-Baltica collision event in the Middle Paleozoic?Laurussia
- 35Plants and algae and photosynthetic microbes make their own food. These organisms are what?Primary producers
- 36Briefly explain the Snowball Earth hypothesis - mention when and where it occurred too.It occurred in the Neoproterozoic. It was a global ice age which means the Earth froze over everywhere (including the paleo-equator). The Earth stayed cool for a while because the white ice reflected sunlight.
- 37Which kingdoms of life is best characterized as multicellular photosynthetic eucaryotes?Kingdom Plantae
- 38After a mass extinction, surviving groups of organisms usually experience an interval of rapid evolution called what?Adaptive Radiation
- 39What are the "building blocks of life"?Amino acids
- 40What are stromatolites?Large, layered structures built up by mats of cyanobacteria.
- 41What were the significant sources of heat in the earliest Earth?Heat from friction, impacts, and radioactivity.
- 42List four rocks and/or features in the Gowganda Formation that indicate deposition by glaciers.Finely-laminated Shales (varves), dropstones, Interbedded tillites, glacially scratched clasts.
- 43What are lagerstatten?Soft-bodied fossil deposits
- 44Which of the three components of the universe is the most abundant?Dark energy
- 45What are two advantages for an organism with hard parts?Protection from predators
Support for soft tissues - 46Sea-level regressions are typically followed by significant erosion and the development of unconformities. True or false?True
- 47What were the two principal sources of free oxygen gase (O2) in Earth's early atmosphere?-Photochemical dissociation of volcanic gases
-Produced by microbial (bacterial) photosynthesis - 48How old is the universe?13.798 Ga
- 49The sudden evolutionary appearance of common body fossils, trace fossils, and microfossils near the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary is called what?Cambrian Explosion
- 50The polarity of Earth's magnetic field changes occasionally on geologic time scales. True or False?True
- 51Evolution resulting from changes in the timing or pace of normal growth and development of an organism is called what?Heterochrony
- 52Explain what caused the end-Ordovician extinction.It was a short, severe ice age that caused a sea level regression
- 53What physical or chemical reactions started that caused the Sun to first form (ignite)?Nuclear fusion
- 54Simplified stratigraphic successions of Cambrian age in Laurentia have limestones over shales which are over sandstones. This was the result of what?Transgression
- 55Autotrophs that use sunlight to make their own food are doing what?Photosynthesis
- 56Fossiliferous limestones are common in the Ordovician of North American and elsewhere. True or False?True
- 57What were the first fish?Jawless