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Geology ID quiz

Danny Oxendine Geology Undergrad English 55 cards

Geology ID quiz

Cards in this deck (55)

  1. 1What is a mineralA mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid formed by geologic processes with a fixed (or variable within certain limits) chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure
  2. 2What is luster?The appearance of a fresh mineral surface in reflected light
  3. 3What are the main types of luster?Metallic luster: looks like metal
    Non-metallic luster: isnt metallic
    Vitreous luster: resembles glass
    Earthy luster: not bright, dull
  4. 4What is the softest mineral on the Mohs relative hardness scale?Talc
  5. 5What is the hardest mineral on Mohs relative hardness scale?Diamond
  6. 6What is clevageThe tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weakness
  7. 7—Olivine
    Luster: Dull/earthy/green
    Hardness: Scratches glass
    Cleavage: No planes of cleavage    Olivine Luster: Dull/earthy/green Hardness: Scratches glass Cleavage: No planes of cleavage
  8. 8—Augite (pyroxene)
    Luster: non-metallic, dull, black, tiny bits of green
    Hardness: Scratches glass
    Cleavage: 90 degree angle of cleavage    Augite (pyroxene) Luster: non-metallic, dull, black, tiny bits of green Hardness: Scratches glass Cleavage: 90 degree angle of cleavage
  9. 9—Hornblende (amphibole)
    Luster: Glassy(?) black
    Hardness: Scratches glass
    Cleavage: No angle of cleavage    Hornblende (amphibole) Luster: Glassy(?) black Hardness: Scratches glass Cleavage: No angle of cleavage
  10. 10—Plagioclase
    Luster: white/dull/non-metallic
    Hardness: scratches glass
    Cleavage: 90 degree angle of cleavage    Plagioclase Luster: white/dull/non-metallic Hardness: scratches glass Cleavage: 90 degree angle of cleavage
  11. 11—Potassium feldspar (orthoclase feldspar)
    Luster: light red/pinkish
    Hardness: scratches glass
    Cleavage: 90 degree angle of cleavage
    (Resembles muscle fiber striations)    Potassium feldspar (orthoclase feldspar) Luster: light red/pinkish Hardness: scratches glass Cleavage: 90 degree angle of cleavage (Resem...
  12. 12—Pure quartz
    Luster: White/glassy
    Hardness: Scratches glass
    Cleavage: There is no cleavage
    (One of three types of quartz on the test)    Pure quartz Luster: White/glassy Hardness: Scratches glass Cleavage: There is no cleavage (One of three types of quartz on the test)
  13. 13—Smokey Quartz
    Luster: Greyish/glassy
    Hardness: scratches glass
    Cleavage: no cleavage
    (One of three types of quartz on the test)    Smokey Quartz Luster: Greyish/glassy Hardness: scratches glass Cleavage: no cleavage (One of three types of quartz on the test)
  14. 14—Rose quartz
    Luster: pink
    Hardness: scratches glass
    Cleavage: No planes of cleavage
    (One of three types of quartz on the test)    Rose quartz Luster: pink Hardness: scratches glass Cleavage: No planes of cleavage (One of three types of quartz on the test)
  15. 15—Biotite Mica
    Luster: Glassy/dark
    Hardness: Does not scratch glass, very soft
    Cleavage: one basal plane of cleavage (its a sheet silicate)    Biotite Mica Luster: Glassy/dark Hardness: Does not scratch glass, very soft Cleavage: one basal plane of cleavage (its a sheet silicate)
  16. 16—Muscovite mica
    Luster: Lighter than biotite mica/ almost see-through and slightly shiny
    Hardness: soft/ will break if you try to scratch glass
    Cleavage: One basal line of cleavage (it is a sheet silicate)    Muscovite mica Luster: Lighter than biotite mica/ almost see-through and slightly shiny Hardness: soft/ will break if you try to scratch ...
  17. 17—Talc
    Luster: pearly/shiny
    Hardness: Very soft, will crumble if you try
    Cleavage: one plane of cleavage    Talc Luster: pearly/shiny Hardness: Very soft, will crumble if you try Cleavage: one plane of cleavage
  18. 18—Kaolinite
    Luster: White and chalky
    Hardness: doesn't scratch glass
    Cleavage: no planes of cleavage
    (Soft and smooth, but dull. Confused often with talc)    Kaolinite Luster: White and chalky Hardness: doesn't scratch glass Cleavage: no planes of cleavage (Soft and smooth, but dull. Confused o...
  19. 19—Graphite
    Luster: Metallic/grey
    Hardness: doesn't scratch/soft
    Cleavage: no planes of cleavage    Graphite Luster: Metallic/grey Hardness: doesn't scratch/soft Cleavage: no planes of cleavage
  20. 20—Hematite
    Luster: Metallic/copperis/reddish
    Hardness: scratches glass
    Cleavage: Has planes of cleavage
    (Light orange/red streak)
    (two samples of hematite)    Hematite Luster: Metallic/copperis/reddish Hardness: scratches glass Cleavage: Has planes of cleavage (Light orange/red streak) (two samp...
  21. 21—Magnetite
    Luster: Greyish
    Hardness: Scratches glass
    Cleavage: No planes of cleavage
    (Dark black/ magnetic)    Magnetite Luster: Greyish Hardness: Scratches glass Cleavage: No planes of cleavage (Dark black/ magnetic)
  22. 22—Sphalerite
    Luster: Resinous
    Hardness: Does not scratch glass
    Cleavage: weird looking with planes of cleavage
    (Looks somewhat glassy and metallic but dark colored and in a dodecahedron shape)    Sphalerite Luster: Resinous Hardness: Does not scratch glass Cleavage: weird looking with planes of cleavage (Looks somewhat glassy and m...
  23. 23—Pyrite (fools gold)
    Luster: metallic/glassy and gold color
    Hardness: Scratches glass
    Cleavage: One plane of cleavage
    (pointy in many directions)    Pyrite (fools gold) Luster: metallic/glassy and gold color Hardness: Scratches glass Cleavage: One plane of cleavage (pointy in many dire...
  24. 24—Galina
    Luster: very reflective/metallic
    Hardness: Scratches glass
    Cleavage: planes of cleavage visible
    (Known for its cuboidal shape)    Galina Luster: very reflective/metallic Hardness: Scratches glass Cleavage: planes of cleavage visible (Known for its cuboidal shape)
  25. 25—Gypsum (selenite)
    Luster: Clear/somewhat pearly
    Hardness: super soft, will crumble if you try
    Cleavage: One basal plane of cleavage (sheet)    Gypsum (selenite) Luster: Clear/somewhat pearly Hardness: super soft, will crumble if you try Cleavage: One basal plane of cleavage (sheet)
  26. 26—Calcite
    Luster: Transparent/dull/colorless
    Hardness: soft
    Cleavage: 90 degree angle of cleavage
    (Rhomboidal shape/almost see-through)    Calcite Luster: Transparent/dull/colorless Hardness: soft Cleavage: 90 degree angle of cleavage (Rhomboidal shape/almost see-through)
  27. 27—Halite
    Luster: Colorless/transparent
    Hardness: soft
    Cleavage: planes of cleavage present
    (Similar to calcite:but smoother and more perfectly shaped/cubed)    Halite Luster: Colorless/transparent Hardness: soft Cleavage: planes of cleavage present (Similar to calcite:but smoother and more perfec...
  28. 28—Fluorite
    Luster: Opaque/ can be a range of colors
    generally darker in color
    Hardness: Soft
    Cleavage: One basal plane of cleavage    Fluorite Luster: Opaque/ can be a range of colors generally darker in color Hardness: Soft Cleavage: One basal plane of cleavage
  29. 29In what order does the Mohs relative hardness scale go?From softest-hardest:
    - Talc
    -Gypsum
    -(fingernail)
    -calcite
    -(copper penny)
    -fluorite
    -apatite
    -(knife blade)
    -(glass plate)
    -orthoclase
    -(steel file)
    -quartz
    -topaz
    -corundum
    -Diamond
  30. 30What are all of the silicate minerals we are responsible for?Olivine
    Pyroxene (augite)
    amphibole (hornblende)
    biotite/muscovite mica
    plagioclase and orthoclase (potassium) feldspar
    quartz
    talc
    kaolinite
  31. 31What is a rock?A naturally occurring, solid, aggregate of minerals or of organic material
  32. 32What are the three major rock groups?Igneous
    Sedimentary
    Metamorphic
  33. 33What is an igneous rock?Rocks whose origin is from the cooling and subsequent crystallization of magma
  34. 34What are phaneritic rocks?Minerals are macroscopic in size (coarse-grained
  35. 35What are aphanitic rocks>Minerals are microscopic in size
  36. 36What are porphyritic rocks?Rocks with a mixture of both macro and microscopic crystals embedded within the rock
  37. 37What are porous rocks?Igneous rocks with vesicles: holes, usually spherical, tubular, or oval in shape
    (Vesicular rocks)
  38. 38The three major types of compositions of igneous rocks are:Mafic: igneous rocks that contain lots of magnesium, calcium and iron rich materials. Usually dark colored
    Felsic: igneous rocks that contain lots of minerals that have compositions like feldspars. These rocks are usually light colored
    Intermediate: These igneous rocks have both mafic and felsic components
  39. 39What are four minerals present in granite?Quartz
    Orthoclase (potassium) feldspar
    Muscovite Mica
    Biotite Mica
    Lesser amounts of amphibole (hornblende) and plagioclase feldspar
  40. 40What are three minerals present in gabbro?Plagioclase feldspar
    Pyroxene (augite)
    Olivine
    Lesser amounts of amphibole (hornblende)
  41. 41Which of our studied rocks has a slow cooling history?All of the phaneritic (course grained) rocks have a slow-cooling history. The minerals had time to crystalize before the entire rock was formed:
    Granite
    Diorite
    Gabbro
  42. 42Which of our studied rocks has a fast cooling history?All of the aphanitic (fine-grained) rocks have a fast cooling history, because the minerals did not have tome to grow larger before the rock was formed:
    Rhyolite
    Andesite
    Basalt
  43. 43Which of our studied rocks has had a mixture of both slow and fast cooling history?All of the porphyritic textured rocks, because it cooled slow enough for large crystals to form, but quickly began cooling not allowing all of the crystals to form:
    Rhyolite Porphyry
    Basalt Porphyry
  44. 44—Basalt
    Color: Mafic
    Texture: Aphanitic    Basalt Color: Mafic Texture: Aphanitic
  45. 45—Pumice
    Color: Felsic
    Texture: Vesicular    Pumice Color: Felsic Texture: Vesicular
  46. 46—Obsidian
    Color: Mafic
    Texture: Glassy/smooth    Obsidian Color: Mafic Texture: Glassy/smooth
  47. 47—Vesicular Basalt
    Color: Intermediate
    Texture: Vesicular    Vesicular Basalt Color: Intermediate Texture: Vesicular
  48. 48—Rhyolite Porphyry
    Color: Felsic
    Texture: Aphanitic with phenocrysts    Rhyolite Porphyry Color: Felsic Texture: Aphanitic with phenocrysts
  49. 49—Gabbro
    Color: Mafic
    Texture: Phaneritic    Gabbro Color: Mafic Texture: Phaneritic
  50. 50—Scoria
    Color: Intermediate
    Texture: Aphanitic and porous    Scoria Color: Intermediate Texture: Aphanitic and porous
  51. 51—Andesite
    Color: Intermediate/ lighter side
    Texture: Aphanitic    Andesite Color: Intermediate/ lighter side Texture: Aphanitic
  52. 52—Basalt Porphyry
    Color: Intermediate
    Texture: Phaneritic/ clearly see the larger crystals embedded in the rock    Basalt Porphyry Color: Intermediate Texture: Phaneritic/ clearly see the larger crystals embedded in the rock
  53. 53—Granite
    Color: Felsic
    Texture: Phaneritic    Granite Color: Felsic Texture: Phaneritic
  54. 54—Peridotite
    Color: Ultramafic/ hints of green coloring
    Texture: Aphanitic    Peridotite Color: Ultramafic/ hints of green coloring Texture: Aphanitic
  55. 55—Diorite
    Color: Intermediate
    Texture: Phaneritic    Diorite Color: Intermediate Texture: Phaneritic

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Description
IDing the types of rocks and minerals
Created by
Danny Oxendine · Sep 2021
Updated
Sep 28, 2021
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3
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