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Final

mwild Research Methods in Personality and Social Psychology Final English 56 cards

Cards in this deck (56)

  1. 1Random AssignmentWhen each participant has equal chance of receiving each level of the independent variable
  2. 2Internal ValidityThe degree of success in eliminating confounding variables within the study itself
  3. 3External ValidityThe degree of success in readily allowing findings to generalise to the population at large
  4. 4Discriminant ValidityType of construct validity; measures of constructs that should not be related to each other are observed to not be related to each other (should be able to discriminate between dissimilar constructs)
  5. 5Convergent ValidityType of construct validity; measures of constructs that should be related to each other are observed to be related to each other (should be able to show a convergence between similar constructs)
  6. 6Construct ValidityThe degree to which a test measures what it claims to be measuring
  7. 7Content ValidityThe extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given social construct
  8. 8Criterion ValidityDivided into predictive and concurrent validity; the extent to which one measure estimates or predicts the values of another measure or quality
  9. 9IntervalOn a scale that provides info on order; possesses equal intervals
  10. 10RatioPossesses the qualities of interval, nominal, and ordinal, but also has an absolute zero (a point where none of the quality being measured exists)
  11. 11OrdinalProvides nominal information on order and direction
  12. 12NominalDistinguishes name and category
  13. 13What is the relationship between validity and reliability?A measurement must be somewhat reliable in order for it to be valid
  14. 14Inter-Rater ReliabilityUsed to assess the degree to which different raters/observers give consistent estimates of the same phenomenon
  15. 15Test-Retest ReliabilityUsed to assess the consistency of a measure from one time to another
  16. 16Parallel-Forms ReliabilityUsed to assess the consistency of the results of two tests constructed in the same way from the same content domain
  17. 17Internal Consistency ReliabilityUsed to assess the consistency of results across items within a test
  18. 18Measures of VariabilityRange: difference between highest and lowest numbers
    Standard deviation: average amount a number differs from the mean
    Variance: how far away a number is from the mean
  19. 19The p value must be BLANK in order to conclude significanceLess than or equal to .05
  20. 203 categories of research designExperimental: manipulation, control of variables, random assignment
    Quasi-experimental: manipulation, control of variables, but no random assignment
    Non-experimental: no manipulation or random assignment, but control of variables
  21. 21Fixed FactorWithin levels of the study; data has been gathered from all the levels of the factor that are of interest
  22. 22Random FactorBeyond levels of the study; has many possible levels, interest is in all possible levels, but only a random sample of levels is included in the data
  23. 233 Functions of Research DesignDemonstration: conducted to establish existence of relationship
    Utilitarian: conducted to establish existence of a causal relationship
    Explanation: conducted to establish the processes that underlie links between variations
  24. 24Ways to Increase Statistical Power1. Increased "n"
    2. Using within-subjects design
    3. Use covariates
  25. 25Pearson's CorrelationWhen measuring strength of a relationship between 2 variables; cannot infer cause/effect; "r"
  26. 26T-testWhen assessing whether the means of TWO groups are statistically different from one another; "t"
  27. 27Analysis of VarianceWhen assessing the means of SEVERAL groups are all equal to or different from each other; "ANOVA"
  28. 28Regression AnalysisWhen estimating the average value of the dependent variable (y) when the independent variables (x) have been fixed; "B" or beta symbol
  29. 29Chi-squareWhen investigating whether distributions of categorical variables differ from one another; compares tallies/counts of categorical responses between 2+ independent groups; "x^2"; only with qualitative data
  30. 303 Purposes of Everyday Experience Studies1. Establishing prevalence and/or qualities of phenomena
    2. Testing theoretically generated hypotheses
    3. Serving as a "discovery" technique for generating new hypotheses
  31. 31Pluralistic ObservationTaking advantage of all different observational modes; creates convergent evidence
  32. 323 Domains of Experience/Inquiry1. Exemplary experience
    2. Reconstructed experience
    3. Ongoing experience
  33. 33Exemplary ExperienceStudies in which behavior is observed in specific, restricted, or otherwise special settings
  34. 34Reconstructed ExperienceParticipants are asked to evaluate, summarize, or otherwise describe in questionnaire or interview format their experiences with specific entities or in particular situations
  35. 35Ongoing ExperienceFocuses on direct, usually immediate reports of everyday experience
  36. 36Major EventsHigher intensity but infrequent; can become more minor in intensity over time after initial occurrence
  37. 37Minor EventsLow intensity but frequent; can color perception of major event
  38. 38RecencyThe more recent an event, the better it's recalled and the more likely it is to influence retrospection
  39. 39SalienceMore distinctive events tend to be more influential
  40. 40Sense-MakingEvents tend to be interpreted in light of later developments or to conform to implicit theories or beliefs
  41. 41State of MindRetrospections may reflect mood at the time of report
  42. 423 Types of Everyday Experience Protocols1. Interval-Contingent Recording
    2. Signal-Contingent Recording
    3. Event-Contingent Recording
  43. 43Ecological ValidityRepresentative of what happens in everyday life
  44. 44Mediated VariableExplains the relationship between two variables
  45. 45Moderator VariableInfluences strength of relationship between two variables
  46. 46Type 1 ErrorReject the null (accept hypothesis) when it's true
  47. 47Type 2 ErrorAccepting the null (rejecting hypothesis) when it's false
  48. 48PrimingOccurs when situational factors trigger a certain mental representation that, in tern, alters our subsequent perceptions of events and/or our behaviour
  49. 49AutomaticityRefers to individually held mental representations that allow us to carry out various tasks unconsciously
  50. 50Conceptual PrimingActivating a specific mental representation in one task and then observing how participants respond during a subsequent task
  51. 51Mindset PrimingInvolves getting participants to act upon a mental representation first, and then observing the extent to which that same mindset "carries over" into subsequent tasks
  52. 52Mundane RealismResembles real-life situations
  53. 53Exemplary ExperienceRefers to data that are collected in some type of controlled environment (a lab)
  54. 54Reconstructed ExperienceRefers to data based upon participants' accounts of their own personal experiences
  55. 55PurposiveNot random; a criticism of qualitative research is that the sampling of data is purposive as opposed to random, which is the "ideal" for quantitative research
  56. 56SaturationThe point at which you start hearing the same themes discussed being discussed repeatedly by participants, and no new info comes out; the goal of qualitative research

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Final Research Methods in Personality and Social Psychology Flashcards on Final, created by mwild on 14/12/2015.
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