Flashcards
Cognition and Development
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1What two influences did Piaget believe cognitive development to be a result of?Maturation and Environment
- 2What does Maturation Refer to?The effects of Aging. As children get older certain mental operations become possible and through interactions with environment, their understanding of the world becomes more complex.
- 3What is a Schema?self-constructed mental structures that can be behavioural or cognitive. They are 'programmes' that people construct for dealing with the world.
- 4A baby's SchemaWhen a child is born it has few schema, but these are developed over time as as a consequence of the child's interaction with its environment.
- 5What does Assimilation involve?The incorporation of new information into an existing schema.
- 6When does Assimilation occur?When an existing schema (such as sucking) is used on a new object (such as a toy car).
- 7When does Accommodation occur?When a child adapts existing schema in order to understand new information that doesn't appear to fit.
- 8An example of AccommodationLearning to drive a manual car involves developing a convenient schema for working the three pedals. Accommodation must occur when driving an automatic car (no clutch pedal) as assimilation would not work.
- 9What does Piaget say Equilibration is?Trying to reduce imbalances between what is understood and what encountered by developing new schema or adapting old ones until equilibrium is restored.
- 10What did Piaget use the term 'Operations' to describe?Logical mental rules, such as the rules of arithmetic.
- 11Stage 1 of Cognitive developmentSensorimotor Stage
- 12Stage 2 of Cognitive developmentPre-Operational Stage
- 13Stage 3 of Cognitive developmentConcrete-Operational Stage
- 14Stage 4 of Cognitive DevelopmentFormal Operational Stage
- 15Sensorimotor Stage (Stage 1). Children learn to co-ordinate sensory input (what they see) with motor actions (with her hand movement)through circular reactions where they repeat everything over and over to test sensorimotor relationships. Key development of this stage is object permanence.
- 16Object PermanenceVery young infants lose interest in an object when it is hidden behind a pillow because they assume it has ceased to exist. Around eight months of age they realise that objects that are out of sight still exist.
- 17Pre-Operational Stage (Stage 2).thoughts become increasingly symbolic as they begin to represent their world with words, images and drawings.
.Not capable of reversibility of thought.
Children are egocentric. - 18Concrete Operational Stage (Stage 3).Acquire the rudiments of logical reasoning
.Display skills of reversibility and decentration (not just focusing on one aspect of a task)- able to conserve quantities.
Piaget believed conservation was the most important achievement of this stage. - 19Formal Operational Stage (Stage 4). Can now solve abstract problems-using hypothetico-deductive reasoning, thinking like a scientist.
.Display idealistic reasoning-able to imagine how things could be if certain things changed. - 20—
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- A Level Psychology Flashcards on Cognition and Development , created by bethanymullins on 28/04/2016.
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