Flashcards
exam revision
Cards in this deck (32)
- 1fertilisationoccurs when a sperm penetrates an ovum and the genetics materals fuse together to make a single cell called a zygote.
- 2Germinal Stage:The germinal stage is 0-2 weeks, it starts with fertilisation and ends with implantation.
- 3Embryonic StageThe embryonic stage startd at implantation (2) and ends at the eighth week. this stage is characterised by cell differetation. this stage is perhaps the most critical for human development.
- 4Embryonicmost internal and external organs and system are formed during this stage, and the brain and spinal cord are almost complete by the end of it. The placenta is fromed in this stage.
- 5Foetal Stage:The foetal stage starts at the ninth week of pregnancy and end around 37 to 40 weeks.
All the oragans are fromed and working besides the lung that start to work at 34-37 weeks. - 6(PIES) Physical:The physical development of the babies happen in during the three stages. This includes the development and growth of the organs, skin tissue, finger and toes. The baby grows in length and gains weight.
- 7(PIES) Soical:There is not social development for the Fetus during the prenatal stage.
- 8(PIES) EmotionalThere is little to no emotional developemt for a fetus during the prenatal satge besides the bonding of the fetus and the mother.
- 9(PIES) Intellectual:There is mimnum intellectual development for the fetus besides the development of the brain.
- 10Determinats:Determinants of health are defined as: The range of behavioural, biological soical and physical environmental factors that influence the health status of individuals or populations.
- 11Biological (Genetics)The genes that a child inherits from their biological parents have a significant impact on the child's health and individuals human development. Genes are the blue print of the body becuase they control growth, development and how the body function.
- 12Biological (Genetics)An unborn baby's genetics make-up determines:
The rate and timing of development in the uterus as a result of excretion of hormones form the glands of the endocrine system.
whether the unbron baby is a girl or a boy. - 13Biological (Genetics)The development of genetic conditon such as haemophilia.
The development of chromosomal abnormaites including down sydrome.
your genetic make up is of 46 chromosomes, 23 from the mother and 23 form the father. - 14(Biological (Genetics)Sometimes the genes for certain genetic conditions are already present in the mother or father and can be passed on to the childern. These condition are called inherited conditions and examples include cystic fibrosis and haemophilia.
- 15Biological: Chromosomal AbnormalitiesAbnormalites during the creation of sperm and ova cause a range of conditions in an unbron baby. Most often, these conditions arise as a result of to many or to few chromosomes. most common chromosomal abnormality is trisomy.
- 16Down Syndrome:occurs when there are three copies of the 21st chromosome. Individuals with Down Syndrome generally have intellectual disability and characteristic facial features.
- 17Behavioural DeterminantsThe behavioural determinants that impact on the prenatal and development are related to the behaviour and choices of the parents, both before and during pregnancy.
- 18Maternal Nutrition.Ensuring a healthy balanced diet prior to becoming pregnant is important for preparing the body for the demands of carrying a baby. ensuring good nutrition prior to conception is important becuase the ongoing development of the fetus is dependent on the health of the embryo.
- 19Folate (folic acid)Folate is a B-group vitamin that is required for the formation of red blood cells, which transport oxygen around the body. It also assist with DNA synthesie, cell drowth and the development of the nervous system.
- 20Folate:Folate consumption before and during pregnancy reduces the risk of nerual tube defects in the baby. Nerual tube defects involve damage to the brain, spine, nerve tissue of the spinal cord. goos sources of folate are green leafy vegatables, eggs, cereals.
- 21Spinabifida:Occurs when the spinal nerves protrude through the gap in the unclosed vertebrae instead of growing down the middle of spinal of the spinal column. Spinabifida is when the spinal cord is exposed to the outside enivorment.
- 22Iodine:Iodine is he mineral that is required in greater amont during pregnancy to promote optimal brain and nervous system development. if iodine is deficient during pregnancy, the consequence can be serious and include stunted growth and intellectual disability. fish, egg, cows milk.
- 23Iron (red meat, egg yolks, nuts and green leafy vegetables)iron is requried in a greater amont during pregnancy due to the increased demand of oxygen for the developing fetus. iron is needed for haemoglobin, a component of blood that carriers oxygen around the body. low iron can cause iron-deficiency like anaemia in pregnant women this can lead premature birth and low brith rates.
- 24Calcium:Is required for the strenghting of bones and teeth. during pregnancy calcuim is required to meet ehw needs of the developing fetus as well as ensuring the mantence of bone mass for the morther. good sources of calcium are milk, chesse and yogurt.
- 25patental smoking during pregnancy.smoking during pregnancy is sginificant risk factor for a number of conditions for both mother and unborn baby. tobacco smoke contains thousnads of chemicals, and act to reduce the oxygen flow to the placenta and expose the developing foetus to numerous toxins.
- 26Prenatal smoking during pregnancy.marternal smoking increases the risk of a range of health and development condition of the unborn baby inculding:
ectopic pregnancy, brith defects, lung faction abnormalitese and foetal mortality. - 27Alcohol use during pregnancy:The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can cause significant harm to the unborn child. When alcohol is consumed by a pregnant women, it crosses the placenta from the mothers blood to the baby's blood. This can cause Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.
- 28Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder can cause harm to the fetus development of the nervous system including the brain. it can also narrow the blood vessel in the placenta and umbilical cord, thereby restriciting blood supply to the fetus.
- 29Drug use during pregnancy.drug use during pregnancy may have a significant effects on the health and individuals human development of the fetus. some medications or drugs will cross the placenta and potentially harm the unbron baby. side effects include, withdrawl symptoms, development delay, intellectual disablity and birth defects.
- 30Vaccination BehavioursVaccination plays an important in reducing the spread of many condition, like chickenpox, measle and hepatitis B.
- 31Physical Enviroment.Aspects of a pregnant woman's physical surrounding can impact the health and development of her unborn baby.
- 32tabacco smoke in the home.
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- Year 11 Health and Human Development Flashcards on exam revision , created by suzanne stewart on 09/11/2016.
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- suzanne stewart · Nov 2016
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- Nov 14, 2016
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