Intelligence

Intelligence

1. What is it?

   • The ability to solve problems and the capacity to adopt and learn from experiences.

2. Intelligence tests

   • The Binet Test also called 1905 Scale
     • Created for Psych. Alfred Binet in 1904
       • Mental Age (MA) An individual's level of mental development relative to others.
         • After that the test has been revised several times
           • We have The Stanford-Binet tests
             • Normal distribution: A symmetrical distribution, with a majority of scores falling in the middle of the possible range of scores and few scores appearing toward the extremes of the range.
         • William Stern (1912)
           • Intelligence Quotient (IQ) a person's mental age (MA) divided by chronological age (CA), multiplied by 100.
   • The Wechsler Scales
     • Created by David Wechsler
       • Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales 3th edition (WPPSI-III)
         • Wechsler intelligence scale for children 4th edition (WISC-IV) for children and adolescents
           • Wechsler adult intelligence scale 3rd edition (WAIS-III)

3. Theories of Multiple Intelligence

   • Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
     • Sternberg's view that intelligence comes in three main forms.
       • Analytical: involves the ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast.
         • Creative: the ability to create, design, invent, originate, and imagine.
           • Practical: the ability to use, apply, implement, and put into practice.
   • Gardner's Eight Frames of Mind
     • Verbal skills: the ability to think in words and use language to express meaning.
     • Mathematical skills: the ability to carry out mathematical opeations.
     • Spaint skills: the ability to think three-dimensionally.
     • Bodily-kinesthetic skills: the ability to manipulate objects and be physically adept.
     • Musical skills: a sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone.
     • Intrapersonal skills: the ability to understand oneself and effectively direct one's life.
     • Interpersonal skills: the ability to understand and effectively interact with others.
     • Naturalist skills: the ability to observe patterns in nature and understand natural and human-made systems.
   • Peter Salovey and John Mayer in 1990
     • Emotional Intelligence
       • The ability to perceive and express emotion accurately and adaptively, to understand emotion and emotional knowledge, to monitor one's own and others' emotions and feelings, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and action.