*Reserch & Analysis

*Reserch & Analysis

1. Problem Defining

   • 1. Preliminary Definition
   • 2. Specify Boundaries & Characteristics
   • 3. State the Problem
   • 4. Develop Fact Database
   • 5. Build Goals & Objectives
   • 6. Identify Solutions
   • 7. Analyze Cost & Benifits
   • 8. Review Problem Statement

2. Survey

   • Type
     • Time
       • Cross Sectional: a point in time
       • Longitudinal: over time
     • Method
       • In-Mail
       • Telephone
       • In-Person
       • Delphi
   • Sampling
     • Random Nature
     • Random
     • System: every #th
     • Stratified: multiple strata
     • Cluster: logical section
     • Convenience
     • Volunteer
     • Nonprobability
     • Probability
   • Primary
   • Secondary

3. Demographics

   • Definitions
     • Birth Rate: Baby #/1000
     • Death Rate: Death # /1000
     • Migration Rate: In- - Out-
     • General Fertility Rate: Baby #/1000 F (15-40)
     • Replacement Rate: ave. born/F
   • 2010 Census Information
     • 81% Popu. “Urban Area"
     • Median Age: 37.2
     • Largest Cities: NYC, LA, Chi
     • Fast Growing: Nev. Ariz, Utah
     • Declined: Michigan
   • Census Statistical Units
     • Core Based Statistical Area >=10,000
       • Metropolitan Statistical Area >=50,000
         • Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas
       • Micropolitan Statistical Area < 50,000, >10,000
       • Combined Statistical Areas
     • Minor Civil Division: corresponds to a municipality 29 States
     • Census County Divisions 21 States
     • Census Tract: 1,200 - 8,000, optimum 4,000
     • Blocking Numbering Area
     • Block Groups: 600-3,000 - smallest Census units
     • Tribal Census Tracts: 2,400
   • Population Estimation & Projection
     • Historical Extrapolation
       • Linear Geometric Exponential Gombertz Polynominal Modified Exponential
     • Cohort Component
       • Component Method II
         • Administrative Records
     • Ratio:
       • Compare to a larger area
     • Distributed Housing Unit
     • Ratio Correlation
       • Automobile Registrations, 2-year average resident births, jobs covered by unemployment insurance, Housing Units,

4. Economic

   • Economic Base Analyses
     • Concepts
       • Basic
         • Multiplier Effect
       • Non-basic
     • Calcs: Total/Basic
     • Definition
       • Location Quotient
         • Calcs: %Local Employment/%National Employment. 1< basic sector
           • individual industriy
       • Empirical: assign per knowledge
       • Minimum Requirements: above the meeting of local needs
   • Input-Output Economic Analysis
     • Flow of the Economy
     • Concepts
       • Primary Supplier, Intermediate Supplier, Intermediate Purchser, Final Purchasers
     • Tables
       • Transactions
       • Direct Requirements
       • Total Requirements
   • Shift-Share
     • Factor
       • National Share
         • Total Employment * National Employment Change Ratio
       • Industry Mix
         • Total Employment *(National Employment Change Ratio - Mixed National Employment Change Ratio)
       • Regional Shift
         • Total Employment *(Regional Employment Change Ratio - National Employment Change Ratio)
     • Prediction

5. Information System

   • Relational Database
     • Basic
   • Management Information System
     • Decision-making
   • Spatial Database
     • Mapping
   • Geographic Information System
     • Combination

6. Impact Analysis

   • Net Present Value
     • Net Monetary Value of a Project
     • Internal Rate of Return
   • Benefit-Cost Analysis
     • Compare Projects
   • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
     • Compare Projects with similar benefit
   • Fiscal Impact Analysis
     • Bring to an area's governments and schools
     • Per Capita Multiplier Method
       • Residential

7. Quantitative

   • Measures
     • Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio
   • Variables
     • Qualitative Quantitative Continuous Dichotomous Discrete
   • Averages
     • Mean: (1+2+3)/3 Median: 2 Midrange: (1+3)/2 Mode
   • Dispersion
     • How Flow Outward from the Center
     • Range, Variance, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Variance
   • Hypothesis Testing
     • Determine Outcomes
     • Research Hypothesis
       • tentative answer to a research problem that is advanced so that it can be tested
     • Null Hypothesis
       • no statistical significance between the two variables
   • Frequency
     • Tabular Class Cross-Tabs
       • Different Variables
     • Scatterplot Histograms Frequency Polygons Ogive
       • Graphic
     • Exploratory Data Analysis
       • Stem & Leaf Plot
   • Distribution
     • Parametric
       • Normal Distribution, Mean = Midrange = Mode
       • z-score
         • # of Standard deviation units from the mean
         • Probability
       • t-test ANOVA
         • Different from 2 means
       • Correlation
         • demonstrate relationships, 1, -1, 0
       • Regression
         • independent variables to predict dependent ones
     • Non-Parametric
       • Positive Skew: Mean > Mode
       • Negative Skew: Mean < Mode
       • Chi-Square: Relationships between variables and probabilites

8. Environmental Impact Analysis

   • Approaches
     • Ad Hoc
       • Estimate
     • Checklist
     • Matrix
       • Cartographic
     • Network
   • Contents
     • Study the impact of a proposed project
     • Consider Alternatives
     • Mitigation Measures
   • Environmental Impact Statements