Mind map

ANATOMY

NICOLE TUNGOL English

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ANATOMY

dictates
- PHYSIOLOGY
  - FUNCTION
    - movements
    - boundaries
    - responsiveness
    - metabolism
    - excretion
    - growth
    - reproduction
    - digestion
  - Survival Needs
    - nutrients
    - oxygen
    - normal temperature
    - water
    - atmospheric pressure
  - Homeostasis
    - stable internal condition
    - dynamic equilibrium
    - nervous and endocrine systems
    - Homeostatic Imbalance
      - disturbance
    - Components
      - Receptor
        sensor
        stimuli
      - Control Center
        analyze
        set point
      - Effector
        output
        efferent pathway
        negative feedback
        reducing amount of change
        heart rate
        blood pressure
        breathing rate
        hormones
        blood levels
        positive feedback
        rare, push variable
        blood clotting
        giving birth
  - Membranes
    - Transport
      - solution
        homogenous
      - solvent
        large amount
        dissolving medium
      - solutes
        small amount
      - intracellular fluid
        semi-permeable
        free pass
        selective
        not free
      - interstitial fluid
        nutrients
        regulatory substances
        salts
        waste products
      - plasma membrane
    - Passive
      - simple diffusion
        lipid-soluble
        pores
      - osmosis
        lipid-pore
        aquaporins
      - facilitated diffusion
        membrane proteins
        carrier transport
    - Active
      - energy/ATP
      - solute pumping
        amino acid
        sugar
        ions
    - Vesicular
      - exocytosis
        "out of the cell"
        releases neurotransmitters
      - endocytosis
        phagocytosis
        cell-eating
        pinocytosis
        cell-drinking
        receptor-mediated
        main mechanism
        "into the cell"
STRUCTURES
- Language
  - Anatomical
    - - stand erect
      - face forward
      - feet parallel
      - hands side, palms forward
  - Directional
  - Regional
    - anterior
    - posterior
  - Body Planes and Sections
    - Abdomen
      - Quadrants
      - Regions
    - sagittal
    - midsagittal
    - frontal
    - transverse
Approaches
- gross
  - visible or macroscopic
    - naked eye
- microscopic
  - histology or microanatomy
    - microscope
"to cut; to dissect"
Levels of Organization
- atoms
- cells
  - - food
      - energy
      - metabolism
      - repair
      - growth
      - reproduction
    - nucleus
    - plasma membrane
    - membrane junctions
    - cytoplasm
    - ribosomes
    - RER/SER
    - lysosomes
    - perixomes
    - mitochondria
    - cytoskeleton
    - cilia
    - flagella
- tissues
- organs
- organ systems
- organism