Nutrient Basics

Nutrient Basics

1. Definition- substances found in food that provide energy, build/repair tissue, and regulate body functions

2. 6 types: water, carbohydrates, proteins, fat, vitamins, minerals

   • Only carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide energy
     • Water- most basic nutrient, and most important. The body can't survive without it for more than a few days.
     • Carbohydrates- come in two types- ideal source of energy, should make up 55-65% of daily food intake
       • simple carbs- high in calories, low in nutritional value
         • Found in candy, soda, jellies, fruits, juices, milk, and yogurt
       • Complex carbs- rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber
         • found in whole grain breads and pasta, vegetables, rice, tortillas, and legumes
         • Fiber- aids digestion and elimination
           • Binds with cholesterol and carries it out of the body
     • Proteins- provides energy and helps to build/repair/maintain body tissues
       • found in meat, fish, eggs, poultry, dairy, legumes, nuts, and seeds
       • Cannot be store for later use
       • made up of amino acids- complete proteins have all amino acids, incomplete lack one or more
     • Fats- helps brain and nerves to function- most concentrated in calories
       • carries fat-soluble vitamins
       • 2 kinds- trans fats and saturated fats- trans fats are more harmful
       • Cholesterol- fat -like substance found in every cell
         • Helps make necessary cells and aids in disgestion
     • VItamins- help break down/release energy from proteins, carbs, and fat
     • Minerals- help perform a wide variety of essential functions in the body